Performance of an advanced combat helmet with different interior cushioning systems in ballistic impact: Experiments and finite element simulations

Tan, Li; Tse, Kwong Ming; Lee, Heow Pueh; Tan, V.B.C.; Lim, Siak Piang

doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2012.06.003

Cited by 82 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The eight-node hexahedral element is used for meshing in the finite element preprocessing software HyperMesh (Altair Engineering Inc., Troy, MI, USA). The element size of the handgun bullet is 2 mm [20]. The whole model contains 21616 nodes and 1695 elements, and the mass is 8 g. The finite element model of fragmentation [23] is using AISI 4340 steel.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Yang and Dai [5] established a human brain biomechanical simulation model and carried out simulation analysis of brain damage caused by the bullet impact at different angles and different positions. Tan et al [20] researched on both experiments and numerical simulations of frontal and lateral ballistic impacts on the Hybrid III headform equipped with Advanced Combat Helmets (ACH). The results show that a finite element model of human brain biomechanics with high fidelity can accurately simulate the biomechanical response and damage of the brain under the impact of a bullet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Study on Behind Helmet Blunt Trauma Caused by High-Speed Bullet

Cai

Huang

Xia

et al. 2020

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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The mechanism of Behind Helmet Blunt Trauma (BHBT) caused by a high-speed bullet is difficult to understand. At present, there is still a lack of corresponding parameters and test methods to evaluate this damage effectively. The purpose of the current study is therefore to investigate the response of the human skull and brain tissue under the loading of a bullet impacting a bullet-proof helmet, with the effects of impact direction, impact speed, and impactor structure being considered. A human brain finite element model which can accurately reconstruct the anatomical structures of the scalp, skull, brain tissue, etc., and can realistically reflect the biomechanical response of the brain under high impact speed was employed in this study. The responses of Back Face Deformation (BFD), brain displacement, skull stress, and dura mater pressure were extracted from simulations as the parameters reflecting BHBT risk, and the relationships between BHBT and bullet-proof equipment structure and performance were also investigated. The simulation results show that the frontal impact of the skull produces the largest amount of BFD, and when the impact directions are from the side, the skull stress is about twice higher than other directions. As the impact velocity increases, BFD, brain displacement, skull stress, and dura mater pressure increase. The brain damage caused by different structural bullet bodies is different under the condition of the same kinetic energy. The skull stress caused by the handgun bullet is the largest. The findings indicate that when a bullet impacts on the bullet-proof helmet, it has a higher probability of causing brain displacement and intracranial high pressure. The research results can provide a reference value for helmet optimization design and antielasticity evaluation and provide the theoretical basis for protection and rescue.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Behind Helmet Blunt Trauma Caused by High-Speed Bullet

Cai

Huang

Xia

et al. 2020

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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“…Table 1. Mechanical properties of the pelvic bone and spine board [13,22]. The soft tissue of the human pelvis model was modelled using anisotropic hyperelastic material model.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure sores of human tissue damage during pelvic binder compression

Munandar

Huzni

Ismail

et al. 2022

Int. J. Automot. Mech. Eng.

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Pelvic circumferential compression is a device used to reduce injury which inadvertently, cause soft tissue damage. When force is applied excessively to the pelvic binder, tissue is damaged due to prolonged high pressure. Therefore, effect from this interaction between tissue and pelvic binder is an important factor to avoid pressure sores due to human tissue damage. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of human tissue interaction due to compression of the pelvic binder using a finite element modelling approach. A three-dimensional human pelvic model was developed to simulate pressure distribution on tissue interfaces. The applied loads with two different conditions -dry and wet skin were applied on both tips of the pelvic strap during binder-tissue interaction. The compression load of the pelvic binder was estimated on a pelvic strap in order to reduce pelvic fracture. The compression load was varied substantially between locations as well as between skin conditions. There were two straps on the pelvis. For pelvic strap 1, the pressure on the sacrum and ilium was higher than the pressure measured on pelvic strap 2 while pressure on the anterior area was the same for both pelvic straps. Analysis results showed that the pressure which developed between both tissue and pelvic binder exceeded the recommended pressure i.e. ≥ 9.3 kPa at tissue interfaces. When pressure on tissue interfaces is not controlled, this condition can lead to tissue damage due to prolonged periods of time. Hence, to avoid tissue damage to the pelvic binder a cushion must be introduced to reduce the effect of tissue reaction from the prehospital device. Subsequently, tissue and pelvic binder interaction simulation results were compared with experimental data for validation in the model developed.

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“…To verify the effectiveness of the bullet-proof helmet FE model, experimental data were obtained and used from studies of C. Y. Tham [7] and B. T. Long [16], where the front/side impact tests were conducted with a ballistic helmet prototype and with a ballistic gas gun. The experiments were designed to evaluate the protective performance of ballistic helmets under frontal and lateral impacting.…”

Section: Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2. To verify the effectiveness of this model of bullet-proof helmet, simulation was carried out with this FE ballistic helmet model, and deformation and damage data were compared between the ballistic tests in C. Y. Tham's study [7], reported simulated data [16], and our helmet's finite element simulation ( Fig. 3 and Table 3).…”

Section: Validation Of the Bullet-proof Helmet Finite Element Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on protective performance of bullet-proof helmet under impact loading

Cai¹,

Li²,

Dong³

et al. 2016

J. vibroeng.

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A large number of brain injuries and casualties can be caused by the impact of bullets on the bullet-proof helmets, for which the underlying mechanisms are unclear and are likely to be complex. In the current study, an American advanced combat helmet was scanned to obtain 3-dimensional (3D) geometric information, from which a 3D finite element (FE) model of a ballistic helmet was developed. With this model, FE simulation was conducted and the results were compared with and verified by data from a ballistic test and a FE simulation study previously reported. Furthermore, the protective performance of the ballistic helmet was investigated using the FE model. The verification results show that the FE model of this ballistic helmet is effective, and data from the current study should be useful in providing theoretical guidance in the design of ballistic helmets.

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Performance of an advanced combat helmet with different interior cushioning systems in ballistic impact: Experiments and finite element simulations

Cited by 82 publications

References 24 publications

Study on Behind Helmet Blunt Trauma Caused by High-Speed Bullet

Study on Behind Helmet Blunt Trauma Caused by High-Speed Bullet

Pressure sores of human tissue damage during pelvic binder compression

A study on protective performance of bullet-proof helmet under impact loading

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