Performance of Case‐Finding Tools for Depression in the Nursing Home: Influence of Clinical and Functional Characteristics and Selection of Optimal Threshold Scores

Gerety, Meghan B.; Williams, John W; Mulrow, Cynthia D.; Cornell, John E.; Kadri, Abdulhay A.; Rosenberg, Jeff; Chiodo, Laura K.; Long, M C Arnold

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06217.x

Cited by 145 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…For screening purposes, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) has been shown to be a valid and reliable instrument among institutionalized elderly (Gerety, Williams et al, 1994;McGivney, Mulvihill, & Taylor, 1994;Jongenelis et al, 2005;Lesher, 1986;Yesavage et al, 1983). The GDS was developed to be selfadministered, but in frail nursing home patients it is frequently administered in an interview (Jongenelis et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for depression and assessing change in severity of depression. Is the Geriatric Depression Scale (30-, 15- and 8-item versions) useful for both purposes in nursing home patients?

Smalbrugge

Jongenelis

Pot

et al. 2008

Aging & Mental Health

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The objectives of this study were to determine the ability of the 30-, 15-and 8-item versions of the GDS for screening and assessing change in severity of depression in nursing home patients. The GDS and the MADRS were administered to 350 elderly NH-patients by trained interviewers. The presence of major (MaD) or minor depression (MinD) was evaluated with the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves of the GDS-versions were performed to measure the ability to screen on depression. The ability to measure change in severity of depression was measured by differences in mean GDS-scores and mean MADRS-scores between patients with MaD, MinD and no depression, and expressed in terms of effect sizes. It was found that in ROC-curves all three GDS-versions performed well. The MADRS showed larger effect sizes for the differences between MaD, MinD and no depression than the GDS-versions. The effect sizes of the three GDS versions were comparable. We conclude that all three versions of the GDS can be used for screening on depression among NH-patients. The MADRS is superior to the GDS for assessment of (changes in) severity of depression, but the GDS also appears to be an acceptable instrument for this purpose and is less time-consuming.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for depression and assessing change in severity of depression. Is the Geriatric Depression Scale (30-, 15- and 8-item versions) useful for both purposes in nursing home patients?

Smalbrugge

Jongenelis

Pot

et al. 2008

Aging & Mental Health

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“…For this reason, several efforts have been made to develop self-report screening inventories that would improve the accuracy of detection of depressive symptoms and yet be brief enough for routine administration to the medically ill. Although these measures have generally been found to correlate highly with full-length depression inventories (1)(2)(3)(4), in some cases their concordance with a standard from clinician-administered interviews has been less than optimal (5). Recently, Mahoney et al (6) reported preliminary evidence that a single-item interview for depression was as accurate as the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (7) in identifying depressive disorders in older adults.…”

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confidence: 99%

"Are you depressed?" Screening for depression in the terminally ill

Chochinov

Wilson²,

Enns³

et al. 1997

AJP

419

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“…Yesavage et al (1983) introduced the Geriatric Depression Scale, a self-rating, 30 item questionnaire that was especially developed for the elderly, without focusing on physical complaints. This instrument has been found to be reliable and valid in multiple settings, including nursing homes (Yesavage et al, 1983;Lesher, 1986;D'Ath et al, 1994;Gerety et al, 1994;McGivney et al, 1994). On the other hand, it has also been found less feasible for the nursing home setting (Wagenaar et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and validation of a patient‐ and user‐friendly nursing home version of the Geriatric Depression Scale

Jongenelis

Gerritsen

Pot

et al. 2007

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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SUMMARYObjective To construct a patient-and user-friendly shortened version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) that is especially suitable for nursing home patients. Methods The study was carried out on two different data bases including 23 Dutch nursing homes. Data on the GDS (n ¼ 410), the Mini Mental State Examination (n ¼ 410) and a diagnostic interview (SCAN; n ¼ 333), were collected by trained clinicians. Firstly, the items of the GDS-15 were judged on their clinical applicability by three clinical experts. Subsequently, items that were identified as unsuitable were removed using the data of the Assess project (n ¼ 77), and internal consistency was calculated. Secondly, with respect to criterion validity (sensitivity, specitivity, area under ROC and positive and negative predictive values), the newly constructed shortened GDS was validated in the AGED data set (n ¼ 333), using DSM-IV diagnosis for depression as measured by the SCAN as 'gold standard'. Results The eight-item GDS that resulted from stage 1 showed good internal consistency in both the Assess data set (a ¼ 0.86) and the AGED dataset (a ¼ 0.80). In the AGED dataset, high sensitivity rates of 96.3% for major depression and 83.0% for minor depression were found, with a specificity rate of 71.7% at a cut-off point of 2/3. Conclusion The GDS-8 has good psychometric properties. Given that the GDS-8 is less burdening for the patient, more comfortable to use and less time consuming, it may be a more feasible screening test for the frail nursing home population.

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Performance of Case‐Finding Tools for Depression in the Nursing Home: Influence of Clinical and Functional Characteristics and Selection of Optimal Threshold Scores

Abstract: The GDS and BCDRS performed well in the nursing home. As the GDS can serve as a both a case-finding and severity instrument, it is preferred. Use of brief, interviewer-administered tools may improve detection of depression in the nursing home.

Cited by 145 publications

References 45 publications

Screening for depression and assessing change in severity of depression. Is the Geriatric Depression Scale (30-, 15- and 8-item versions) useful for both purposes in nursing home patients?

Screening for depression and assessing change in severity of depression. Is the Geriatric Depression Scale (30-, 15- and 8-item versions) useful for both purposes in nursing home patients?

"Are you depressed?" Screening for depression in the terminally ill

Construction and validation of a patient‐ and user‐friendly nursing home version of the Geriatric Depression Scale

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