Performance of coconut shell ash and palm kernel shell ash as partial replacement for cement in concrete

Abstract

High cost of cement used as binder in the production of concrete has led to a search for alternative. Using a mix design ratio of 1:2:4 and water binder ratio of 0.63, concrete cubes were casted using varying ordinary Portland cement (OPC): palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC): coconut shell ash (CSA) ratios of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 , 60:40 and 50:50 respectively. This research reveal that partial replacement of cement with 20% PKSA and CSA in concrete gives an average optimum compressive strength of 15.4 N/mm2 and 17.26 N/mm2 respectively at 28 days. While, the optimum value of compressive strength obtained at 28 days is 20.58 N/mm2 at 10% replacement with CSA. The value obtained is suitable for both light weight and heavy weight concrete respectively. Thus, the research show that the use of PKSA and CSA as a partial replacement for cement in concrete, at lower volume of replacement, will enhance the reduction of cement usage in concretes, thereby reducing the production cost and the environmental pollution caused by the dumping of the agricultural waste.

Implications of Palm Kernel Shell-Filled Plastic Bottles on the Structural Behavior of Concrete Slab

“…By using a mix ratio of 1:2:4 and a w/c of 0.63, Oyedepo et al (2015) [38] investigated the effectiveness of both coconut and palm kernel shell ashes (CSA and PKSA) as cement substitutes in concrete. Maximum compressive strengths of 15.4 N/mm² and 17.26 N/mm² were attained at 20% cement replacement with PKSA and CSA, respectively, and a compressive strength of 20.58 N/mm² at 28 days when 10% cement replacement with CSA was used.…”

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Goulmima’s Earth Bricks

“…Indeed, the porosity of the reference brick burned at 950 °C was 23.2%, and it increased to 26% with the addition of 30% of clinker. The bulk density of burned brick samples is reduced by the addition of biomass ash, as demonstrated by Casa and Castro [22] and other investigations [10,17,18,[22][23][24].…”

Characterization of groundnut shell ash as partial replacement of cement for cheaper construction in north-western Nigeria

“…The laboratory analyses were carried out at the quality control BUA Cement PLC Sokoto, Ahmadu Bello University Multipurpose Science Laboratory, Zaria, Chemistry and Physics Laboratory of Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto. 20 Samples of 10kg of the shells from Yauri locality were sampled and burn under a controlled atmosphere in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 550 o C for about one hour to preserve the amorphous form of the ash, as described by Oyedepo et al, (2015) and Salman (2021). The fully burnt groundnut shell ash was the grind and sieved to ensure proper fineness of the ash.…”

“…Generally, increasing setting times was observed with increasing percentages of groundnut shell as replacement of cement. : Oyedepo, et al, (2015).…”