Performance of copper oxide/distilled water nanofluid in evacuated tube solar collector (ETSC) water heater with internal coil under thermosyphon system circulations
“…The properties of nanofluids are highly dependent on the type of solid phase, synthesis procedure, temperature and other factors [33][34][35]. Nanofluids are broadly utilized in various renewable energy systems such as PV/T, solar collectors and solar ponds [36][37]. The results of studies have revealed that applying nanofluids in the mentioned renewable energy systems results in improved performance and efficiency.…”
Geothermal energy is one of the most suitable sources of energy since it is possible to use it continuously for generating power and providing heat. Firstly, recent trends in geothermal energy are discussed and compared with other types of renewable energies. According to the results of this section, geothermal energy is an attractive choice for future power generation due to its low carbon dioxide emission and levelzied cost of electricity in comparison with other renewable energy sources. Afterwards, applications of nanofluid in geothermal-based energy systems are reviewed and their important results are represented. On the basis of literature review, using nanofluids can result in augment in geothermal systems. The enhancement is dependent on several factors including the type of nanofluid, concentration and system specification. According to the results of a study, the effect of using nanofluid on heat transfer rate became more significant at higher flow rates. In addition, using nanofluids can reduce the size of heat exchangers used in geothermal-based system. The main effects of employing nanofluids is increase in convective heat transfer and pressure loss.
“…The properties of nanofluids are highly dependent on the type of solid phase, synthesis procedure, temperature and other factors [33][34][35]. Nanofluids are broadly utilized in various renewable energy systems such as PV/T, solar collectors and solar ponds [36][37]. The results of studies have revealed that applying nanofluids in the mentioned renewable energy systems results in improved performance and efficiency.…”
Geothermal energy is one of the most suitable sources of energy since it is possible to use it continuously for generating power and providing heat. Firstly, recent trends in geothermal energy are discussed and compared with other types of renewable energies. According to the results of this section, geothermal energy is an attractive choice for future power generation due to its low carbon dioxide emission and levelzied cost of electricity in comparison with other renewable energy sources. Afterwards, applications of nanofluid in geothermal-based energy systems are reviewed and their important results are represented. On the basis of literature review, using nanofluids can result in augment in geothermal systems. The enhancement is dependent on several factors including the type of nanofluid, concentration and system specification. According to the results of a study, the effect of using nanofluid on heat transfer rate became more significant at higher flow rates. In addition, using nanofluids can reduce the size of heat exchangers used in geothermal-based system. The main effects of employing nanofluids is increase in convective heat transfer and pressure loss.
“…Ghaderian et al [ 83 ] exploited the effect of CuO nanofluids on the PV/T system performance for two different concentrations of 0.03 vol % and 0.06 vol % under three different mass flow rates (60, 40 and 20 L/h), and concluded that the system efficiency is proportional to the volume concentration of the CuO nanofluid, in which the efficiency is improved to 41.9% for 0.03 vol% of CuO and 51.4% for 0.06 vol % of CuO in comparison with water, as displayed in Fig. 72 .…”
Section: Pv/t With Nanofluidmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 72 Experimental results of optical efficiency at various volume flow rates: (a) 60 L/h; (b) 40 L/h; (c) 20 L/h [ 83 ]. …”
Solar photovoltaic/thermal technology has been widely utilized in building service area as it generates thermal and electrical energy simultaneously. In order to improve the photovoltaic/thermal system performance, nanofluids are employed as the thermal fluid owing to its high thermal conductivity. This paper summarizes the state-of-the-art of the photovoltaic/thermal systems with different loop-pipe configurations (including heat pipe, vacuum tube, roll-bond, heat exchanger, micro-channel, U-tube, triangular tube and heat mat) and nanoparticles (including Copper-oxide, Aluminium-oxide, Silicon carbide, Tribute, Magnesium-oxide, Cerium-oxide, Tungsten-oxide, Titanium-oxide, Zirconia-oxide, Graphene and Carbon). The influences of the critical parameters like nanoparticle optical and thermal properties, volume fraction, mass flux and mass flow rates, on the photovoltaic/thermal system performance are for the optimum energy efficiency. Furthermore, the structure and manufacturing of solar cells, micro-thermometry analysis of solar cells and recycling process of photovoltaic panels are explored. At the end, the standpoints, recommendations and potential future development on the solar photovoltaic/thermal system with various configurations and nanofluids are deliberated to overcome the barriers and challenges for the practical application. This study demonstrates that the advanced photovoltaic/thermal configuration could improve the system energy efficiency approximately 15%–30% in comparison with the conventional type whereas the nanofluid is able to boost the efficiency around 10%–20% compared to that with traditional working fluid.
“…Soğutma çevrimi için 20, 40 ve 60 lt/dk debilerinde çalışılmıştır. Verim artışı suya göre % 0.03 derişimli nanoakışkan kullanımında % 14 e kadar bir artış göstermiştir [25]. Bir başka çalışmada U-tüp güneş kollektörlerinde Al O nanoakışkan kullanımı ve nanopartikül boyut etkisi araştırılmıştır.…”
Güneş enerjili sistemler, günümüzde çok farklı alanlarda, farklı amaçlar için yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Güneş enerjili sistemlerin en önemli elemanı güneş kollektörleridir. Güneş kollektörleri genel olarak düzlem yüzeyli (DYGK), vakum tüplü (VTGK), ısı borulu (IBGK) ve parabolik (PGK) olmak üzere dört tipe ayrılmakla beraber en yaygın olarak DYGK kullanılmaktadır. DYGK'nin verimini etkileyen parametreler; kollektörlerde kullanılan akışkanın ısıl iletkenliği, ısı kayıpları ve optik kayıplardır. DYGK'ların düşük verimlerinden dolayı son zamanlarda güneş enerjili sistemlerde VTGK ve IBGK'ların harmonizasyonu olan vakum tüplü ısı borulu güneş kollektörleri (VTIBGK) kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. VTIBGK'lar DYGK'lerin termik ve optik kayıplarını minimize etmekte ve verim artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Güneş kollektörlerinde verimi etkileyen diğer bir parametre çalışma akışkanı olup literatürde örneğine pek rastlanmamış olunan amorf yapıdaki nano partiküller kullanılarak hazırlanmış nano akışkanların performansa etkisi irdelenmiştir. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda nanoakışkanları ısıl sistemlerde ve özellikle ısı borularında iyi sonuçlar verdiği ve verimlerini dikkate değer derecede arttırdığı görülmüştür. VTIBK'lerde nano çözelti kullanılması ile düşük ısıl direnç, yüksek ısıl iletkenlik, yüksek çalışma sıcaklıkları, kısa sürede istenen sıcaklık değerlerine ulaşılması ve verimin arttırılması hedeflenmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Isı borusu, güneş kollektörleri, nano çözelti, nano akışkan, performans iyileştirmesi, güneş enerjisi.
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