Performance of elite seated discus throwers in F30s classes

Abstract

Background: Studies on the relationship between performance and design of the throwing frame have been limited and therefore require further investigation. Objectives: The specific objectives were to provide benchmark information about performance and whole body positioning of male athletes in F30s classes. Study Design: Descriptive analysis. Methods: A total of 48 attempts performed by 12 stationary discus throwers in F33 and F34 classes during seated discus throwing event of 2002 International Paralympic Committee Athletics World Championships were analysed in this study. The whole body positioning included overall throwing posture (i.e. number of points of contact between the thrower and the frame, body position, throwing orientation and throwing side) and lower limb placements (i.e. seating arrangements, points of contact on the both feet, type of attachment of both legs and feet). Results: Three (25%), five (42%), one (8%) and three (25%) athletes used from three to six points of contact, respectively. Seven (58%) and five (42%) athletes threw from a standing or a seated position, respectively. A straddle, a stool or a chair was used by six (50%), four (33%) or two (17%) throwers, respectively. Conclusions: This study provides key information for a better understanding of the interaction between throwing technique of elite seated throwers and their throwing frame. Clinical relevance This study aimed at improving the understanding of the relationship between athletic performance and the design of the throwing frame for seated discus throwers, with a particular emphasis on the description of whole body positioning. This knowledge is particularly important in the current debate around general principles underlying the design of throwing frames and classification of athletes with a disability, including those with lower limb amputation.

Lanzamiento de peso: análisis ergonómico en el deporte adaptado

“…Vos, Congleton, Moore, Amendola, and Ringer (2006) effects of engineering on the design of the seat implicitly mean a beneficial reduction in the pressure values associated with sitting in reclining position. This means that a considerable portion of athletes compete on a chair that is incongruent with their functional needs, and that these athletes' exposure to possible injuries may lead them to move away from the activity, an increase in the existing level of motor functional diversity and a disassociation with the sport practice (Frossard, Alison, & Smeathers, 2012;Theisen, 2012).…”

Para-Athleti̇cs (Sinif F57) Di̇sk Atma Akti̇vi̇tesi̇ni̇n Ki̇nemati̇k Deği̇şkenleri̇n Anali̇zi̇ Ve Di̇ji̇tal Sevi̇ye Başarisi İle İli̇şki̇leri̇. Bölüm І.

“…Based on the similar studies (Abdelkader et al, 2020;Banja, 2007; Banja, T & Tashiro T., 2004; R. M. Bartlett, 1992;Frossard et al, 2013a;Yu et al, 2002), Several variables of the discus throw activity class F57 at start and finish were analyzed and calculated: 1/ The first phase (start throwing), we have the variables; the number of swings (number), standby time (second), the wrist angle of the throwing hand (degree°), cubitus angle of the throwing hand (degree°), cubitus angle of the freehand (degree°), trunk angle (degree°), shoulder angle of the freehand (degree°). 2/ The second phase (finish throwing), we have the variables; digital level (meter), cubitus angle of the throwing hand (degree°), cubitus angle of the freehand (degree°), trunk angle (degree °), shoulder angle of the throwing hand (degree°), head tilt angle (degree°), throwing angle (degree°), time of throwing (second), disk flight time (second), shot height (centimeter), total performance time (second).…”

“…These studies have contributed to the improvement of training programs of stationary throwers as they provided coaches and athletes with a better understanding of throwing technique as well as strength and fitness requirements (O'Riordan and Frossard, 2006), However, a recent extensive review of literature revealed that although there are many debates on different aspects of the techniques of throwing the discus, the biomechanical studies on this topic for the Paralympians athletes are very limited (Abdelkader, Madani, Adel, et al, 2018;R. M. Bartlett, 1992;Dai et al, 2013;Frossard et al, 2013a;Guebli et al, 2020;Leigh et al, 2010).…”

Sprinting with an amputation

“…11 In track athletics, this can be achieved through the analysis of race-based footage of athletes. 12 The limitations of using race footage to form conclusions are its limited availability or subsequent quality. Even then, only an athlete’s stride count and characteristics can be evaluated rather than the primary key performance indicators of sprinting such as ground reaction force.…”

“…In track athletics this can be achieved through the analysis of racebased footage of athletes 12 . The limitations of using race footage to form conclusions are its limited availability or subsequent quality.…”