Performance of GCL after 10 Years in Service in the Arctic

On-site and in situ remediation technologies applicable to petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites in the Antarctic and Arctic

“…Furthermore, since the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is slower in cold regions, it is important to ensure that off-site migration of petroleum hydrocarbons from contaminated soil into groundwater does not occur during remediation. Leachate can be regulated by constructing natural or engineered berms and through the application of clay and polymer based liners at the base of the site which allows pumping and redistribution of leachate across the landfarm (Paudyn et al 2008;Filler et al 2009;Environment Canada 2013;Hosney & Rowe 2014). Finally, excess soil moisture (!33.0%) can lead to poor aeration, reduce the degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbons and encourage contaminant migration; thereby reducing the effectiveness of landfarming (Bolton 2012).…”

Hydraulic conductivity and swelling ability of a polymer modified bentonite subjected to wet–dry cycles in seawater

“…Several laboratory studies focused on the hydraulic conductivity of bentonites in contact with various permeant liquids (Ruhl and Daniel, 1997;Shackelford et al, 2000;Bouazza, 2002;Jo et al, 2005;Katsumi et al, 2008;Rosin-Paumier et al, 2011;Barral et al, 2012;Chun-Ming et al, 2013;Hosney and Rowe, 2014;Bradshaw et al, 2016). For instance, Jo et al (2005) conducted longterm hydraulic conductivity tests on GCLs permeated with inorganic single-species salt solutions with CaCl 2 concentrations ranging from 5 mM to 500 mM and 100 mM for NaCl and KCl solutions.…”

Limiting membrane and diffusion behavior of a geosynthetic clay liner

“…However, even when GCLs are able to maintain a low k upon exposure to chemical solutions, diffusion is likely to be a significant, if not dominant, mechanism of chemical transport through the GCLs due to the low k and the relative thinness of GCLs (typically 15 mm) (e.g., Shackelford, 2013a, b). As a result, a significant number of studies have focused on the transport, in general, and diffusion, in particular, of chemicals through GCLs both individually and as components of composite barriers (e.g., Lake and Rowe, 2000;Malusis and Shackelford, 2002a;El-Zein et al, 2012;Mendez et al, 2013;Shackelford, 2013a, b;Xie et al, 2013;Hosney and Rowe, 2014;Chen et al, 2015).…”