“…The SML consists of local soil, charcoal as an element of carbon, sawdust, and other additional materials, such as iron metal (Latrach et al., 2018). The rock particles (gravel, zeolite, and perlite) depend on the type of rock that exists locally (Haribowo, Prayogo, Shaleha, & Hafni, 2020; Pattnaik, Yost, Porter, Masunaga, & Attanandana, 2008). According to several previous studies, the MSL system can reduce the pollution of total suspended solids (TSS), organic matter, and nutrient concentrations by over 90% (Masunaga et al., 2007).…”