Performance of rainbow trout and Snake River cutthroat trout reared in oxygen-supersaturated water

Edsall, Donald A.; Smith, Charlie E.

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(90)90249-m

Cited by 56 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…We experienced a decrease in haemoglobin with increasing oxygen saturation, explained by the decreased need of oxygen binding proteins. It is suggested that this phenomena is because fish exposed to oxygen over a period of time experience anaemia (Edsall and Smith 1991;Caldwell and Hinshaw 1994). The fish may show acclimation towards high oxygen levels and at the same time being stressed in terms of affected primary and secondary stress responses (Caldwell and Hinshaw 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxygenation may also be necessary during transportation of fish, while in the salmon farming industry adding of oxygen has been done as an attempt to increase growth and induce disease resistance (Edsall and Smith 1991;Caldwell and Hinshaw 1995). The efficiency of this practice is, however, doubtful (Caldwell and Hinshaw 1994), and supplemental oxygen in excess of saturation may even result in harmful effects among the fish (Caldwell and Hinshaw 1995;Ritola et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of hyperoxia on behavioural and physiological variables in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr

Espmark

Bæverfjord

2008

Aquacult Int

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A controlled experiment mimicking Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) pre-smolt farming conditions showed that fish exposed to 150 and 175% super oxygenated water produced higher levels of carbon dioxide with the subsequent decrease in water pH compared to control fish exposed to 100% O 2 . At the 7th day of exposure the hyperoxic fish showed larger individual variation in swimming activity compared to the controls. The individual variance in activity, tail beat frequency and scattering in the tanks among super oxygenated fish decreased from the 7th to the 21st day of exposure. The behavioural effects of hyperoxia were seen in relation to altered feed consumption halfway through the experiment, lower body weight, and altered haematological variables at day 21 of exposure. Plasma chloride was reduced in the exposed fish and haemoglobin decreased with increasing oxygen saturations. Plasma cortisol was elevated only in the 150% oxygenated group at day 21, while no effect on osmolality was recorded. The alterations in physiology and behaviour from day 7 to day 21 may be explained in terms of acclimation to increased oxygen saturations. This study shows that behaviour may be used as an indication of impaired water quality that may influence animal welfare negatively and eventually prevent an efficient production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hyperoxia on behavioural and physiological variables in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr

Espmark

Bæverfjord

2008

Aquacult Int

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“…Impaired osmoregulatory capacity after seawater transfer has been reported in coho salmon (Onchorhyncus kisutch) smolts exposed to approximately 37 kPa for 6 h to 1 week (Brauner 1999). A number of studies report small effects of hyperoxia on growth, and while most studies report no effect (Edsall and Smith 1990;Caldwell and Hinshaw 1994;Lygren et al 2000), Dabrowski et al (2004) reported a significant growth increase in juvenile rainbow trout exposed to 38 kPa (180% saturation) at 18°C for 18 weeks, and Hosfeld et al (2008) reported increased growth in Atlantic salmon parr exposed to 25.8 kPa (123% saturation) for 42 days at 9.5-9.5°C in freshwater. Baeverfjord et al (in preparation) report reduced growth in parr/smolts of Atlantic salmon exposed to hyperoxia (27 kPa, 130%) compared to mild hyperoxia (22 kPa, 105%) and normoxia (17 kPa, 80%) at 7-10°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of arterial PO2 downregulation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) during long-term normoxia and hyperoxia

Kristensen

Rosseland

Kiessling

et al. 2010

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Regulation of arterial partial pressure of O2 (PaO2) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was investigated during resting conditions in normoxic and hyperoxic water. Dorsal aorta cannulated adult Atlantic salmon (1.2-1.6 kg, n=8) were exposed to 2 week sequential periods of normoxia [16.7±1.1 kPa (mean±SD)] and hyperoxia (34.1±4.9 kPa) in individual tanks containing seawater (33.7±0.2 ppt) at stable temperature conditions (8.7±0.7°C) and a light regime of L:D=12:12. Tank design and sampling procedures were optimized to provide suitable shelter and current for the fish, and to allow repeated, undisturbed sampling of blood from free-swimming fish. Fish were sampled regularly through the experimental period. PwO2, PaO2, blood ion composition (Na+, K+, Cl-), acid-base status (pH, PCO2, HCO3-), haematocrit and glucose were measured. The most frequently observed PaO2 values were in the range of 60-80% of PwO2, both during normoxia and hyperoxia, and PaO2 values were significantly lower during normoxia than during hyperoxia. Blood pH, PCO2 and HCO3- were significantly elevated during hyperoxia, while, Na+, Cl- and Hct were significantly lower. K+ and glucose showed no significant differences. This study demonstrates a lack PaO2 regulation in Atlantic salmon to low partial pressures, in contrast to previous reports for many aquatic gill breathing animals. Both during normoxia and hyperoxia, PaO2 reflects PwO2, and alterations in external PO2 consequently result in proportional arterial PO2 changes. Physiological adaptation to hyperoxia, as illustrated by changes in several blood parameters, does not include down-regulation of PaO2 in Atlantic salmon. The lack of PaO2 regulation may make Atlantic salmon vulnerable to the oxidative stress caused by increased free radical formation in hyperoxic conditions.

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“…Caldwell and Hinshaw (1994) held rainbow trout at 60, 100, and 130% of DO saturation and found no differences in their respective growth rates (1.14, 0.96, and 1.02 g). Edsall and Smith (1990) held fingerling rainbow trout at 94% and 180% of saturation, and found no differences in relative growth (5.0 and 4.7 g, respectively).…”

Section: Trout Productionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Other researchers using oxygen injection systems have attained supersaturated conditions (100-180% saturation) in raceways (Edsall and Smith 1990;Dwyer and Peterson 1993;Caldwell and Hinshaw 1994;Wagner et al 1995a). Absorption efficiency of oxygen at WSFH was reduced (mean 61%) because of minimal waterfall height (18 cm) in the LHO and the high influent DO concentrations (7.5 mg/L).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Water Quality and Rainbow Trout Production in Oxygenated and Aerated Raceways

Clark

Helfrich

2006

N American J Aquac

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The effects of oxygenation and aeration on water quality and the production of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were compared in eight raceways from 2002 to March 2003. Mean dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were significantly higher in the oxygenated (9.5 mg/L) than aerated raceways (7.4 mg/L). Total sedimented solids loads per day were significantly greater in aerated (10.3 g/L) than oxygenated (8.8 g/L) raceways. Dissolved nitrogen, total gas pressure, and other water quality variables (CO2, NO2 −, total ammonia nitrogen, alkalinity, and pH) did not differ significantly between the treatments. Trout carrying capacity was significantly higher (1,138 kg/raceway) in the oxygenated raceways. However, trout production, growth rates, feed conversion rate, hematocrit, and fish survival were not significantly different between treatments. Oxygen injection was an effective method of increasing carrying capacity and improving water quality by reducing effluent solids loads, but it did not enhance trout production variables at 90% saturation.

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Performance of rainbow trout and Snake River cutthroat trout reared in oxygen-supersaturated water

Cited by 56 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of hyperoxia on behavioural and physiological variables in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr

Effects of hyperoxia on behavioural and physiological variables in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr

Lack of arterial PO2 downregulation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) during long-term normoxia and hyperoxia

Comparison of Water Quality and Rainbow Trout Production in Oxygenated and Aerated Raceways

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