Performance on Bone Regeneration of a Silver Nanoparticle Delivery System Based on Natural Rubber Membrane NRL-AgNP

Abstract

NRL-AgNP was developed bringing important properties of natural rubber as occlusive membrane with antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles. Biological aspects, such as cell viability, tissue reaction, and occlusive membrane performance of NRL-AgNP, are presented. In addition, in vivo degradation was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The cell viability test was performed in mesenchymal stem cells of human deciduous dental pulp seeded with the new material. Tissue reaction was tested through subcutaneous implant of NRL-AgNP and compared to Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) at the dorsum of rats. The performance of the NRL-AgNP as an occlusive membrane in Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) was tested in full thickness critical size bone defects (8 mm) in rat calvaria. Cell viability was 98.8% for NRL-AgNP and did not result in statistically significant differences compared to negative control (p > 0.05 Kruskal–Wallis). All materials presented similar tissue reaction (p > 0.05). In the GBR experiment, the defects covered with NRL-AgNP presented a more advanced stage of bone regeneration in comparison with non-treated defects. The FTIR spectra of NRL-AgNP before and after implantation showed no degradation of NRL-AgNP membranes. These results are in favor of the NRL-AgNP use as an occlusive membrane for GBR.

Applications of Silver Nanoparticles in Dentistry: Advances and Technological Innovation

“…The guided tissue regeneration of membrane impregnated with silver nanoparticles increased the tensile strength and minimized the fiber diameter of the biomaterial [ 77 ]. The association of AgNPs with NRL (Natural Rubber Membrane) decreased cytotoxicity and presented 98% cell viability [ 59 ].…”

An Updated Review on Silver Nanoparticles in Biomedicine

“…A recently developed endodontic sealer based on methacrylate derivative embedded with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate and silver determined remineralization and strengthening effects on dentin, but also strong bactericidal activity against pathogens associated with dentin infections [ 319 ]. AgNPs-loaded natural rubber latex showed low toxicity and tissue reaction similar to commercial products, being proposed as an antibacterial occlusive membrane for guided bone regeneration in orthodontics [ 320 ]. High bactericidal efficiency and cytocompatibility were also reported by embedding rigid poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles decorated with CS-stabilized AgNPs within soft films of natural rubber [ 321 ].…”

Advances in Nanotechnology towards Development of Silver Nanoparticle-Based Wound-Healing Agents

“…These properties are notably important in their biomedical applications, such as antifungal [ 66 ], anticancer [ 67 ], antiviral [ 68 ], antiangiogenic [ 69 ], antileishmanial [ 70 ] anti-inflammatory [ 71 ] and antibacterial [ 72 ] activities. Due to the global increase in life threatening diseases and the emergence of multidrug resistance in pathogens against antibiotics [ 73 ], multiple medical applications have been demonstrated for AgNPs, such as sensors for disease diagnosis [ 74 ], nanocarriers for drug delivery [ 75 , 76 ], sensitisers in radiation therapy [ 77 ], electro spin resonance dosimetry, etc. [ 78 ].…”