Performance on Selected WISC Subtests of Subjects Referred for Psychological Evaluation Because of Educational Difficulties

Holowinsky, Ivan Z.; Pascale, Pietro J.

doi:10.1177/002246697200600305

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Among normal readers there is the tendency for girls to acquire reading more rapidly than boys due to their advantage in rate of linguistic processing and basic word recognition (Wolf and Gow, 1986). School-identified female students with learning disabilities (LDs), including but not specific to reading disability, demonstrate lower intelligence than males (Bradbury et al 1975; Holowinsky and Pascale, 1972; Lawson et al 1987) and Vogel and Walsh (1987) found the same in college-aged students. They also reported that relative to males with LD, females with LD displayed strengths in verbal conceptualizations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific gray matter volume differences in females with developmental dyslexia

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Developmental dyslexia, characterized by unexpected reading difficulty, is associated with anomalous brain anatomy and function. Previous structural neuroimaging studies have converged in reports of less gray matter volume (GMV) in dyslexics within left hemisphere regions known to subserve language. Due to the higher prevalence of dyslexia in males, these studies are heavily weighted towards males, raising the question whether studies of dyslexia in females only and using the same techniques, would generate the same findings. In a replication study of men we obtained the same findings of less GMV in dyslexics in left middle/inferior temporal gyri and right postcentral/supramarginal gyri as reported in the literature. However, comparisons in women with and without dyslexia did not yield left hemisphere differences and instead we found less GMV in right precuneus and paracentral lobule/medial frontal gyrus. In boys, we found less GMV in left inferior parietal cortex (supramarginal/angular gyri), again consistent with previous work, while in girls differences were within right central sulcus, spanning adjacent gyri, and left primary visual cortex. Our investigation into anatomical variants in dyslexia replicates existing studies in males, but at the same time shows that dyslexia in females is not characterized by involvement of left hemisphere language regions but rather early sensory and motor cortices (i.e. motor and premotor cortex, primary visual cortex). Our findings suggest that models on the brain basis of dyslexia, primarily developed through the study of males, may not be appropriate for females and suggest a need for more sex-specific investigations into dyslexia.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific gray matter volume differences in females with developmental dyslexia

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the realm of disability, school-aged females identified with learning disabilities (LDs), including but not specific to reading disability, demonstrate lower intelligence scores than their male counterparts (Holowinsky and Pascale, 1972; Bradbury et al, 1975; Lawson et al, 1987). Interestingly, this pattern also manifests in young adults (Vogel and Walsh, 1987; n = 49).…”

Section: Behavioral Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological Sex Differences in Developmental Dyslexia

Krafnick

Evans

2019

Front. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding sex differences at the neurobiological level has become increasingly crucial in both basic and applied research. In the study of developmental dyslexia, early neuroimaging investigations were dominated by male-only or male-dominated samples, due at least in part to males being diagnosed more frequently. While recent studies more consistently balance the inclusion of both sexes, there has been little movement toward directly characterizing potential sex differences of the disorder. However, a string of recent work suggests that the brain basis of dyslexia may indeed be different in males and females. This potential sex difference has implications for existing models of dyslexia, and would inform approaches to the remediation of reading difficulties. This article reviews recent evidence for sex differences in dyslexia, discusses the impact these studies have on the understanding of the brain basis of dyslexia, and provides a framework for how these differential neuroanatomical profiles may develop.

show abstract

Gender differences in cognitive abilities of learning-disabled females and males

Vogel

Walsh

1987

Annals of Dyslexia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gender differences in level and pattern of cognitive abilities were examined in 28 LD college-able females (CA 18-25) as compared to 21 LD college-able males (CA 18-25). Both groups were in the average IQ range as measured by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, with LD males significantly higher on the Full Scale IQ and three out of the four subtests, Picture Completion, Block Design, and Information. The LD females performed significantly better on the Digit Symbol subtest. The hierarchies of subtest performance and Bannatyne and ACID category scores were compared. LD females have strengths in visual-motor abilities and verbal conceptualization, while the LD males' highest abilities were nonverbal visual-spatial confirming earlier studies on younger LD individuals and non-LD males and females. Performance on the Digit Symbol subtest was the next to the lowest for the males, the highest for females. However, for both groups, short-term and long-term memory for digits and factual knowledge and mental arithmetic problem solving were relative weaknesses. Results indicate different patterns of cognitive abilities in LD females and males which have implications for identification, service, and prognosis for the learning disabled, especially females.

show abstract

Performance on Selected WISC Subtests of Subjects Referred for Psychological Evaluation Because of Educational Difficulties

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Sex-specific gray matter volume differences in females with developmental dyslexia

Sex-specific gray matter volume differences in females with developmental dyslexia

Neurobiological Sex Differences in Developmental Dyslexia

Gender differences in cognitive abilities of learning-disabled females and males

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About