Performance trends in age‐group runners from 100 m to marathon—The World Championships from 1975 to 2015

Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theodoros; Zingg, Matthias Alexander; Knechtle, Beat

doi:10.1111/sms.12821

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…An increase in the participation of master athletes in various sporting competitions (i.e. endurance events such as long marathon running and triathlon as well as non-endurance athletic competitions such as jumping an throwing events) is also reported along with an improvement of records in all master's age groups (Bernard et al, 2010;Kundert, Nikolaidis, Di Gangi, Rosemann, & Knechtle, 2019;Nikolaidis, Zingg, & Knechtle, 2017;Trappe, 2007). Master athletes are thus often considered genuine exemplars of successful aging (Geard, Reaburn, Rebar, & Dionigi, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition for Master Athletes: Is There a Need for Specific Recommendations?

Louis¹,

Vercruyssen²,

Dupuy³

et al. 2020

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity

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Master athletes are often considered exemplars of successful aging, thanks to their capacity to maintain a high sports performance during their entire life. A high training capacity, regular participation in sporting competitions, and delayed alterations in body composition and physiological capacities have been listed among the main factors contributing to impressive master athletes’ performances. However, there is a paucity of data on the metabolism and dietary habits of master athletes, and the question of whether they need to adapt their nutrition to the aging process remains open. Herein, the authors presented a contemporary overview of the metabolic challenges associated with aging, including the risk of low energy availability, anabolic resistance, and periods of metabolic crisis due to forced immobilization. After assembling scientific evidence to show that master athletes must adapt their dietary intake, the authors proposed a summary of nutritional recommendations for master athletes and suggested the next stage of research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition for Master Athletes: Is There a Need for Specific Recommendations?

Louis¹,

Vercruyssen²,

Dupuy³

et al. 2020

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity

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show abstract

“…An important aspect in the age-related performance decline is the fact that master athletes improved their performance in recent years in different sports disciplines, also apart from swimming such as athletics (Akkari, Machin, & Tanaka, 2015;Kundert, Di Gangi, Nikolaidis, & Knechtle, 2018;Nikolaidis, Zingg, & Knechtle, 2017;Schneider, Nikolaidis, & Knechtle, 2018) and triathlon (Gallmann, Knechtle, Rüst, Rosemann, & Lepers, 2014;Lepers & Stapley, 2011;Lepers, Rüst, Stapley, & Knechtle, 2013;Stiefel, Knechtle, & Lepers, 2014;Wonerow, Rüst, Nikolaidis, Rosemann, & Knechtle, 2017).…”

Section: Performance In Master Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The age-related changes and sex difference in master swimming performance

Knechtle

Barbosa

Nikolaïdis

2019

Mov Sport Sci/Sci Mot

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Master athletes have been widely used to examine the age-induced decline of human performance. However, so far very limited reviews are available consolidating the age-related differences in master swimming performance. The aim of the present review was to summarize existing knowledge about the age-related changes in three modalities of swimming performance (i.e., pool-swimming, open-water swimming and swim split in triathlons of different distances). In addition, the paradigm of freestyle swimming records from 50 to 1500 m was used to examine age-related differences and sex difference in performance for age groups 25–29 to 100–104 years. For this example of master freestyle swimmers, the sex difference was smaller in the longer events and increased significantly after the age of ∼70 years. In summary, master athletes competing in swimming as single discipline (i.e., pool-swimming and open-water) and in triathlon (i.e., swim split as first discipline) improved their performances across calendar years. The age-related performance decline in swimming seems to be specific to the discipline, the sex and the length of the swimming event.

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“…Figure 4A shows the running speed for all endurance-type world records in continuous running from 800 m to marathon distance which has been described as a most perfect logarithm relationship for both men and women (Nikolaidis et al, 2017). A similar relationship can be shown for free style swimming (Figure 4B).…”

Section: Prescription Of Durationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensity- and Duration-Based Options to Regulate Endurance Training

Hofmann

Tschakert

2017

Front. Physiol.

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The regulation of endurance training is usually based on the prescription of exercise intensity. Exercise duration, another important variable of training load, is rarely prescribed by individual measures and mostly set from experience. As the specific exercise duration for any intensity plays a substantial role regarding the different kind of cellular stressors, degree, and kind of fatigue as well as training effects, concepts integrating the prescription of both intensity and duration within one model are needed. An according recent approach was the critical power concept which seems to have a physiological basis; however, the mathematical approach of this concept does not allow applying the three zones/two threshold model of metabolism and its different physiological consequences. Here we show the combination of exercise intensity and duration prescription on an individual basis applying the power/speed to distance/time relationship. The concept is based on both the differentiation of intensities by two lactate or gas exchange variables derived turn points, and on the relationship between power (or velocity) and duration (or distance). The turn points define three zones of intensities with distinct acute metabolic, hormonal, and cardio-respiratory responses for endurance exercise. A maximal duration exists for any single power or velocity such as described in the power-duration relationship. Using percentages of the maximal duration allows regulating fatigue, recovery time, and adaptation for any single endurance training session. Four domains of duration with respect to induced fatigue can be derived from maximal duration obtained by the power-duration curve. For any micro-cycle, target intensities and durations may be chosen on an individual basis. The model described here is the first conceptual framework of integrating physiologically defined intensities and fatigue related durations to optimize high-performance exercise training.

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Performance trends in age‐group runners from 100 m to marathon—The World Championships from 1975 to 2015

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Nutrition for Master Athletes: Is There a Need for Specific Recommendations?

Nutrition for Master Athletes: Is There a Need for Specific Recommendations?

The age-related changes and sex difference in master swimming performance

Intensity- and Duration-Based Options to Regulate Endurance Training

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