Performic acid for advanced wastewater disinfection

Карпова, Т И; Pekonen, Pentti; Gramstad, Robin; Öjstedt, U.; Laborda, S.; Heinonen‐Tanski, Helvi; Carrillo-Chávez, Alejandro; Jiménez, Blanca

doi:10.2166/wst.2013.468

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…It has been noticed that qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) might overestimate the survival of pathogens after PAA treatment [140]. PFA, on the other hand, typically requires 0.4-2 mg/L and 5-10 mins for secondary effluents when inactivating bacterial indicators, whereas resistant Clostridium and Giardia required larger doses [34,141]. The PAA doses and contact times for tertiary effluents vary within the range of 1.5-15 mg/L and 10-36 mins, respectively (see Table 2).…”

Section: Primary Secondary and Tertiary Wastewater Effluentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peracids in water treatment: A critical review

Luukkonen

Pehkonen

2016

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

271

122

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Peracids have gained interest in the water treatment over the last few decades. Peracetic acid (CH 3 CO 3 H) has already become an accepted alternative disinfectant in wastewater disinfection whereas performic acid (CHO 3 H) has been studied much less, although it is also already commercially available. Peracids have also been tested for drinking water disinfection, oxidation of aqueous (micro)pollutants, sludge treatment and ballast water treatment, to name just a few examples. The purpose of this review paper is to represent comprehensive up-to-date information about the water treatment applications, aqueous reaction mechanisms, and disinfection byproduct formation of peracids, namely performic, peracetic and perpropionic acids. and PFA have several of the qualities of an ideal disinfectant: toxicity to microorganisms, but not to higher forms of life; effectivity at ambient temperatures; stability and long shelf-life; low corrosivity; deodorizing ability; widespread availability and reasonable cost [12].PAA and PFA are colorless liquids with characteristic pungent odors. Both are thermodynamically unstable and can decompose spontaneously or explode when highly concentrated, heated, under mechanical stress or exposed to catalytic effects of impurities [1,13,14]. The recommended storage temperatures are below 30 and 20°C for PAA and PFA, respectively [6,14]. Longer carbon chain length increases stability, and thus PAA is more stable than PFA [1]. However, the O-O bond dissociation energy of PFA and PAA has been calculated to be similar: 48 kcal/mol [15]. Percarboxylic acids have typically pK a values 3-4 units higher than the parent carboxylic acids [1]. Nonetheless, PFA and PAA are corrosive [16]. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 3Exposure to PAA and PFA causes irritation and possibly permanent damage to the skin (cutaneous emphysema), eyes and the respiratory system. In the skin contact, 0.2% is proposed as the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) for short and medium length exposure [17].When inhaled, airborne concentrations less than 0.16-0.17 ppm (0.50-0.52 mg/m 3 ) are considered to cause no irritation [17,18]. However, higher concentrations are harmful and a case study suggested that PAA could cause occupational asthma [19].The largest users of PAA on a global scale (estimated in 2013) are shown in Fig. 1. Similar numbers are not available for PFA, but it is probably used at significantly lower quantities.The largest user, the food industry, applies PAA as a disinfectant in fresh produce washing water, clean-in-place (CIP) processes, on food processing equipment, and in pasteurizers, to name just a few examples [21,22]. PFA is also a suitable disinfectant in low-temperature refrigerated food processing and storage rooms [23]. In healthcare, PAA is used for instance in Recently, methods to determine the residual PAA from wastewater were compared: the spectrophotometric method using DPD and catalase was recommended for 0.1-0.5 mg/L PAA concentrations and the cerimetric/iodometric titration...

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Section: Primary Secondary and Tertiary Wastewater Effluentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study indicated that after PAA (1 mg/L, 10 min) disinfection, AOX was measured at 155 mg/L compared to 92 mg/L after PFA (1 mg/L, 10 min) use [141].…”

Section: Ch 3 Coooh + Ch 3 Oh → Ch 3 Cooh + Hcho + H O(14) Ch 3 Cooohmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peracids in water treatment: A critical review

Luukkonen

Pehkonen

2016

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

271

122

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“…The suggested disinfection mechanisms of PAA are based on the release of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl, alkoxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals and superoxide. A study evaluated the disinfection efficiency of PFA against various microbial contaminants, including Giardia, on secondary-treated wastewater (Karpova et al 2013). While most microorganisms were already efficiently inactivated with 2 mg PFA /L within 5 min, for Giardia cyst this value was 10 mg PFA /L.…”

Section: Chemical Disinfection (Chlorine Ozone)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Giardia duodenalis

Boarato-David¹,

Guimarães²,

Cacciò³

2019

Water and Sanitation for the 21st Century: Health and Microbiological Aspects of Excreta and Wastewater Management (Global Wate

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“…These acids have been found to be effective against many microbial groups including different Cl. perfringens strains and related bacteria in wastewater [16][17][18] or on laboratory instruments [19,20]. All organic, dirty material possibly present in food industrial tanks, valves or pipes after process, may consume peracids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performic Acid Controls Better Clostridium tyrobutyricum Related Bacteria than Peracetic Acid

2018

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Clostridia are anaerobic spore-forming bacteria, which degrade carbohydrates to butyric acid, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and other compounds. These bacteria are commonly found in feces of ruminants, from where they can enter to udders and milk via manure or fodder. This study was done to find a sustainable sanitation method to control the resistant clostridial spores as they are difficult to control in the food processing industry. Clostridia spoil cheeses and other dairy products, and thereby increase the carbon footprint of products and cause economical losses in the dairy industry. The efficacy of two organic peroxides; peracetic acid (PAA) and performic acid (PFA) was tested against 30 clostridia strains isolated from cattle slurry, silage, or spoiled cheeses. PAA, at a concentration of 220 mg L −1 , only eliminated 6/30 clostridia strains, whereas PFA totally eliminated 26/30 clostridia strains at a concentration of 120 mg L −1 . PFA therefore seems to be a more potent disinfectant than the more commonly used PAA. PFA is an effective disinfectant against Clostridium tyrobutyricum and other resistant clostridia at 120 mg L −1 for 5-10 min contact time at room temperature.

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Performic acid for advanced wastewater disinfection

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Peracids in water treatment: A critical review

Peracids in water treatment: A critical review

Giardia duodenalis

Performic Acid Controls Better Clostridium tyrobutyricum Related Bacteria than Peracetic Acid

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