Peri-Implant Bone Loss and Peri-Implantitis: A Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Dental implant supported restorations have been added substantially to the clinical treatment options presented to patients. However, complications with these treatment options also arise due to improper patient selection and inadequate treatment planning combined with poor follow-up care. The complications related to the presence of inflammation include perimucositis, peri-implant bone loss, and peri-implantitis. Prevalence rates of these complications have been reported to be as high as 56%. Treatment options that have been reported include nonsurgical therapy, the use of locally delivered and systemically delivered antibiotics, and surgical protocols aimed at regenerating the lost bone and soft tissue around the implants. The aim of this article is to report on three cases and review some of the treatment options used in their management.

Main Predictors and Treatments of Peri-Implantite: Brief Review.

“…The prevalence rates of these complications were reported to be as high as 56.0% [4]. Treatment options that have been reported include non-surgical therapy, the use of antibiotics administered locally and systematically, and surgical protocols aimed at regenerating lost bone and soft tissue around implants [5].…”

“…Osteoporosis:-Osteoporosis may be a risk factor for oral bone loss, including the alveolar process associated with periodontal infection [5]. Wowren et al (1994) [21] showed a relationship between periodontal disease and osteoporosis, comparing twelve women with fractures due to osteoporosis with fourteen normal women, and found more loss of periodontal insertion in women with osteoporosis than in those without osteoporosis.…”

“…In the dento-gingival unit, the results are gingivitis lesions [3]. Furthermore, experimental research has shown that mucositis can progress to peri-implantitis, depending on the factors and risk indicators, affecting the peri-implantar support bone circumferentially [5,6]. Although the supporting bone is lost coronally, the implant will still remain integrated bone and therefore clinically stable.…”

“…More sensitive and reliable parameters of the development and presence of peri-implant infections are bleeding probing, depth of probing and radiographic interpretations of radiographs, aiming to detect the peri-implant lesions as early as possible, thus enabling the treatment, which in this review is described As a cumulative procedure, starting with simpler procedures until the most advanced, aiming to paralyze and prevent the progression of these lesions, which would inevitably result in failure of the implant [5,6].…”

“…The prevalence of implants with bone loss ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 mm was estimated. Bone loss was used as a surrogate parameter for peri-implantitis, since the prevalence of peri-implantitis was not reported in most studies or when reported, the diagnostic criteria were unclear or of doubtful quality [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”