Peri-implant disease: what we know and what we need to know

Abstract

Peri-implant disease is a serious problem that plagues today's dentistry, both in terms of therapy and epidemiology. With the expansion of the practice of implantology and an increasing number of implants placed annually, the frequency of peri-implant disease has greatly expanded. Its clinical manifestations, in the absence of a globally established classification, are peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, the counterparts of gingivitis and periodontitis, respectively.However, many doubts remain about its features. Official diagnostic criteria, globally recognized by the dental community, have not yet been introduced. The latest studies using metagenomic methods are casting doubt on the assumption of microbial equivalence between periodontal and peri-implant crevices. Research on most of the features of peri-implant disease remains at an early stage; moreover, there is not a commonly accepted treatment for it. In any case, although the evidence so far collected is limited, we need to be aware of the current state of the science regarding this topic to better understand and ultimately prevent this disease.

Adjunctive photodynamic therapy improves the outcomes of peri‐implantitis: a randomized controlled trial

“…Peri‐implantitis is a destructive inflammatory process affecting the soft and hard tissues surrounding dental implants. Inflammation of the soft tissues is observed, followed by the destruction of the alveolar bone, leading to implant loosening . The signs and symptoms include swollen red soft tissues that can produce pus, bleeding when brushing teeth, bad breath and/or foul taste; eventually, loss of bone will lead to implant loosening .…”

Early intervention of peri‐implantitis and periodontitis using a mouse model

“…Given the scope of this growing market, dental professionals must be able to place implants, as well as treat complications that may arise. Dental implants can develop peri‐implantitis, which is a disease that is not fully understood and current treatment protocols are unpredictable …”

“…Dental implants can develop peri-implantitis, which is a disease that is not fully understood and current treatment protocols are unpredictable. 5,12,26 Categorized as inflammatory conditions, insight of our knowledge of periodontitis has been instrumental in helping define the current understanding and treatment of periimplantitis. 21 However, methods that have been successful at treating periodontitis are not as effective at treating periimplantitis, as the disease tends to progress despite our best efforts.…”

Oral Health: The Need for Both Conventional Microbial and Molecular Characterization

“…To date, no deep metagenomic sequencing analyses of peri-implantitis samples have been reported. Table 5 summarizes the microbiota associated with peri-implantitis, as identified by both conventional as well as molecular methodologies [50,51]. Limited studies focused on the genomic and gene expression profiles for peri-implantitis have been reported [52].…”