Periadolescent male but not female rats have higher motor activity in response to morphine than do adult rats

White, David A.; Michaels, Clifford C.; Holtzman, Stephen G.

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2007.12.009

Cited by 32 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…While specific reports of morphine clearance are difficult to find, studies of morphine-induced analgesia in adolescent vs. adult rats suggest the drug is cleared quicker in younger animals (Jøhannesson and Becker 1973; White et al 2008). Our initial studies on the time course of morphine (10 mg/kg) withdrawal-induced startle potentiation (Harris and Gewirtz 2004; Rothwell et al 2009) observed a peak at 4 h in P60 rats, suggesting that peak startle potentiation is progressively delayed as the rats age and/or gain weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of age, but not sex, on elevated startle during withdrawal from acute morphine in adolescent and adult rats

Radke¹,

Gewirtz

Carroll³

2015

Behavioural Pharmacology

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Investigations into animal models of drug withdrawal have largely found that emotional signs of withdrawal (e.g., anxiety, anhedonia, and aversion) in adolescents are experienced earlier and less severely than in their adult counterparts. The majority of these reports have examined withdrawal from ethanol or nicotine. In order to expand our knowledge about the emotional withdrawal state in adolescent rats, we used potentiation of the acoustic startle reflex after an acute dose of morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) as a measure of opioid withdrawal. Startle was measured at four time points after morphine injection (2, 3, 4, and 5 h) in 28 and 90 day old male and female rats. The results of this experiment revealed that peak potentiation of the startle reflex occurred at 3 h in the adolescent rats and at 5 h in the adult rats, and that the magnitude of withdrawal was larger in the adults. No sex differences were observed. Overall, these results affirm that, similar to withdrawal from ethanol and nicotine, opiate withdrawal signs are less severe in adolescent than in adult rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of age, but not sex, on elevated startle during withdrawal from acute morphine in adolescent and adult rats

Radke¹,

Gewirtz

Carroll³

2015

Behavioural Pharmacology

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“…Psychostimulants differentially impact the locomotor activity of male and female adult rats (Festa et al 2004; Milesi-Hallé et al 2005), thus it is not surprising that sex may be an important determinant affecting the ontogeny of drug responsivity (Parylak et al 2008). Lastly, the pattern of results obtained is heavily influenced by the decision to statistically analyze untransformed locomotor activity data (Campbell et al 1969; Spear and Brick 1979; Kameda et al 2011) or percent of saline controls (Badanich et al 2008; White et al 2008; Koek et al 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all cases, rats were habituated to the testing environment for two days (60 min each day) prior to cocaine administration. Distance traveled data (a measure of horizontal locomotor activity) were presented both untransformed and as percent of same-age/same-sex saline controls from the second habituation day (White et al 2008). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-dependent changes in cocaine sensitivity across early ontogeny in male and female rats: possible role of dorsal striatal D2High receptors

et al. 2015

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Rationale Responsiveness to acute psychostimulant administration varies across ontogeny. Objective The purpose of the present study was to determine if age-dependent changes in D2High receptors may be responsible for the ontogeny of cocaine sensitivity in preweanling, adolescent, and adult rats. Methods [3H]-Domperidone/dopamine competition assays were used to determine ontogenetic changes in the proportion of D2High receptors in male and female preweanling [postnatal day (PD) 5, 10, 15, and 20], adolescent (PD 40), and adult rats (PD 80). In the behavioral experiment, responsiveness to cocaine (2.5, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) was assessed on PD 20, PD 40, and PD 80 for 60 min. Male and female rats were habituated to the apparatus on the two days prior to testing. Distance traveled data were presented both untransformed and as percent of saline controls. Results Male and female preweanling rats (PD 5–PD 20) had a significantly greater percentage of dorsal striatal D2High receptors than adolescent or adult rats. Likewise, preweanling rats (PD 20) were more sensitive to the behavioral effects of cocaine than the two older age groups. Adolescent and adult rats responded in a generally similar manner, however analysis of the untransformed locomotor activity data suggested that adolescent rats were hyporesponsive to 2.5 and 20 mg/kg cocaine when compared to adults. Conclusions Data from the present study are consistent with the hypothesis that ontogenetic changes in D2High receptors are responsible for age-dependent differences in psychostimulant sensitivity.

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“…The effects of adult opioid exposure on their offspring are unknown. Noticeably, the effects of morphine are quite distinct between adults and adolescents (Koek et al, 2012;Schramm-Sapyta et al, 2009;White et al, 2008). For example, adolescents are more sensitive to the rewarding effects of drugs and less sensitive to withdrawal effects (Schramm-Sapyta et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Anxiety-Like Behavior via Hippocampal IGF-2 Signaling in the Offspring of Parental Morphine Exposure: Effect of Enriched Environment

Luo

Cui

et al. 2014

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Opioid addiction is a major social, economic, and medical problem worldwide. Long-term adverse consequences of chronic opiate exposure not only involve the individuals themselves but also their offspring. Adolescent maternal morphine exposure results in behavior and morphologic changes in the brain of their adult offspring. However, few studies investigate the effect of adult opiate exposure on their offspring. Furthermore, the underlying molecular signals regulating the intergenerational effects of morphine exposure are still elusive. We report here that morphine exposure of adult male and female rats resulted in anxiety-like behavior and dendritic retraction in the dentate gyrus (DG) region of the hippocampus in their adult offspring. The behavior and morphologic changes were concomitant with the downregulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-2 signaling in the granular zone of DG. Overexpression of hippocampal IGF-2 by bilateral intra-DG injection of lentivirus encoding the IGF-2 gene prevented anxiety-like behaviors in the offspring. Furthermore, exposure to an enriched environment during adolescence corrected the reduction of hippocampal IGF-2 expression, normalized anxietylike behavior and reversed dendritic retraction in the adult offspring. Thus, parental morphine exposure can lead to the downregulation of hippocampal IGF-2, which contributed to the anxiety and hippocampal dendritic retraction in their offspring. An adolescent-enriched environment experience prevented the behavior and morphologic changes in their offspring through hippocampal IGF-2 signaling. IGF-2 and an enriched environment may be a potential intervention to prevention of anxiety and brain atrophy in the offspring of parental opioid exposure.

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Periadolescent male but not female rats have higher motor activity in response to morphine than do adult rats

Cited by 32 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of age, but not sex, on elevated startle during withdrawal from acute morphine in adolescent and adult rats

Effects of age, but not sex, on elevated startle during withdrawal from acute morphine in adolescent and adult rats

Age-dependent changes in cocaine sensitivity across early ontogeny in male and female rats: possible role of dorsal striatal D2High receptors

Development of Anxiety-Like Behavior via Hippocampal IGF-2 Signaling in the Offspring of Parental Morphine Exposure: Effect of Enriched Environment

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