“…1 AP affects a significant proportion of people in different populations, and several authors have reported frequencies in Kosovo (46.3%), Turkey (67.9%), Belgium (40%), Denmark (52%), Lithuania (39%), Canada (44% and 51%), Germany (61%), Scotland (51%), Spain (64.5%), and the United States (39%). 2,3,4 Results from cross-sectional studies have often associated AP with inadequate root-fillings, 5 and the quality of the root filling has been extensively documented as the most important determinant of endodontic success. 5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 Certain authors have indicated that age, gender, social class, education, occupation and use of dental services are among the risk indicators that may be associated with the presence of apical periodontitis.…”