Pericytes: Cell Biology and Pathology

Allt, G.; Lawrenson, John G

doi:10.1159/000047855

Cited by 406 publications

(308 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…PDGF is also known to possess angiogenic activity, and STI-571 exerted marked anti-angiogenic activity both in vitro and in vivo (38,39). Endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes are co-dependent, and their interaction is crucial for vascular maturation, remodeling, and maintenance (40). AT-II mainly acts on ECs, whereas PDGF acts on the pericytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amelioration of liver fibrogenesis by dual inhibition of PDGF and TGF-β with a combination of imatinib mesylate and ACE inhibitor in rats

Yoshiji¹,

Kuriyama²,

Noguchi³

et al. 2006

Int J Mol Med

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Abstract. Both platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) are known to be pivotal cytokines in liver fibrosis development. The aim of our current study was to elucidate the effects of dual inhibition of PDGF and TGF-ß by combination of the clinically used imatinib mesylate (STI-571) and perindopril (an ACEinhibitor; ACE-I), respectively, on ongoing liver fibrosis development in rats. The effects of STI-571 and ACE-I at clinically comparable low doses were examined in a rat model of CCl4-induced liver fibrogenesis. Treatment with both STI-571 and ACE-I inhibited liver fibrogenesis and suppressed activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Administration of both agents exerted a more potent inhibitory effect than administration of either single agent. Our in vitro study demonstrated that STI-571 and ACE-I suppressed PDGF receptor (PDGFR) phosphorylation and TGF-ß expression in activated HSCs, respectively. Dual suppression of PDGF and TGF-ß with a combination of clinically comparable low doses of STI-571 and ACE-I exerted a significant inhibitory effect on ongoing liver fibrosis development. Since both agents are widely used in clinical practice, this combination therapy may provide a new strategy against liver fibrosis in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amelioration of liver fibrogenesis by dual inhibition of PDGF and TGF-β with a combination of imatinib mesylate and ACE inhibitor in rats

Yoshiji¹,

Kuriyama²,

Noguchi³

et al. 2006

Int J Mol Med

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“…Since then, the ability of pericytes to regulate capillary flow has been repeatedly discussed. In addition to vascular contraction, pericytes have various functional roles that have been well described in a number of excellent reviews (Allt and Lawrenson, 2001;Balabanov et al, 1999;DoreDuffy, 2008;Hirschi and D'Amore, 1996;Krueger and Bechmann, 2010;Lai and Kuo, 2005;Thomas, 1999).…”

Section: Pericytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Brain Capillary Blood Flow

Itoh

Suzuki

2012

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

133

131

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While it has been widely confirmed that cerebral blood flow is closely coupled with brain metabolism, it remains a matter of controversy whether capillary flow is directly controlled to meet the energy demands of the parenchyma. Since the capillary is known to lack smooth muscle cells, it has generally been considered that capillary flow is not regulated in situ. However, we now have increasing data supporting the physiological control of capillary flow. The observation of heterogeneity in the microcirculation in vivo has suggested that intravascular factors may be involved in the flow control, including non-Newtonian rheology, red blood cell flow, leukocyte adhesion, release of vasoactive mediators, and expression of glycoproteins on the endothelial cells. Astrocytes, a key mediator of the neurovascular unit, and intrinsic innervation may also regulate capillary flow. In addition, recent findings on pericyte contractility have attracted the attention of many researchers. Finally, based on these findings, we present a new model of flow control, the proximal integration model, in which localized neural activity is detected at nearby capillaries and the vasodilation signal is transmitted proximally along the vessel. Signals are then integrated at the precapillary arterioles and other arterioles further upstream and regulate the capillary flow.

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“…However, it is still unclear whether or not isolated hADMSCs are truly "pericytes" and from where hADMSCs originate (Locke et al, 2011;Tholpady et al, 2006). Although "pericytes" are fully matured perivascular cells which include contractile filament and basement membrane attached to endothelial, this term has been broadly used to describe perivascular resident cells (Allt et al, 2001;Armulik et al, 2005;Dore-Duffy, 2011;Sims et al, 1986). The use of misnomers or unclear terminology when referring to hADMSCs could interfere with scientific communication as well as clinic or pathological evaluation performed during cell transplantation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Characterization and In Vivo Localization of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Ryu

Cho

Lee

et al. 2013

Molecules and Cells

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Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) are a potential cell source for autologous cell therapy due to their regenerative ability. However, detailed cytological or phenotypic characteristics of these cells are still unclear. Therefore, we determined and compared cell size, morphology, ultrastructure, and immunohistochemical (IHC) expression profiles of isolated hADMSCs and cells located in human adipose tissues. We also characterized the localization of these cells in vivo. Light microscopy examination at low power revealed that hADMSCs acquired a spindle-shaped morphology after four passages. Additionally, high power views showed that these cells had various sizes, nuclear contours, and cytoplasmic textures. To further evaluate cell morphology, transmission electron microscopy was performed. hADMSCs typically had ultrastructural characteristics similar to those of primitive mesenchymal cells including a relatively high nuclear/cytosol ratio, prominent nucleoli, immature cytoplasmic organelles, and numerous filipodia. Some cells contained various numbers of lamellar bodies and lipid droplets. IHC staining demonstrated that PDGFR and CD10 were constitutively expressed in most hADMSCs regardless of passage number but expression levels of α-SMA, CD68, Oct4 and c-kit varied. IHC staining of adipose tissue showed that cells with immunophenotypic characteristics identical to those of hADMSCs were located mainly in the perivascular adventitia not in smooth muscle area. In summary, hADMSCs were found to represent a heterogeneous cell population with primitive mesenchymal cells that were mainly found in the perivascular adventitia. Furthermore, the cell surface markers would be CD10/PDGFR. To obtain defined cell populations for therapeutic purposes, further studies will be required to establish more specific isolation methods.

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Pericytes: Cell Biology and Pathology

Cited by 406 publications

References 73 publications

Amelioration of liver fibrogenesis by dual inhibition of PDGF and TGF-β with a combination of imatinib mesylate and ACE inhibitor in rats

Amelioration of liver fibrogenesis by dual inhibition of PDGF and TGF-β with a combination of imatinib mesylate and ACE inhibitor in rats

Control of Brain Capillary Blood Flow

Phenotypic Characterization and In Vivo Localization of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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