“…These have included low gestational age at birth, 7 ± 12 low birth weight, 5,10,12 ± 14 male sex, 9 white race, 12,15 bronchopulmonary dysplasia, 5,10,13,16 sepsis, 8,13 acidosis, 7,11,16 oxygen therapy, 14,17 hyperoxia, 2,11,18 hypocarbia, 19 hypoxia, 1,11,19 and maternal use of beta blockers immediately before birth. 14 Recently, a case of neonatal HIV infection after blood transfusion at another institution led to a decrease in blood transfusions in premature infants at that hospital. Many lower risk infants went on to develop severe ROP, raising the concern that this change in transfusion practice and resultant anemia might be etiologically important ( J. O'Neil, personal communication, April, 1998).…”