Perinatal Mortality in Jeddah, Saudia Arabia

Milaat, Waleed A.; Florey, Charles du V.

doi:10.1093/ije/21.1.82

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…The tools would help birth attendants collect basic, but important, information such as placental-fetal birth weight ratio, gross description of placental dimensions and shape and umbilical cord insertion, color and smell indicating infections, detection of clots and sign of abruption, large infarcts, and widespread fibrosis. In settings where autopsies are never performed, protocols that include placental examination often provide valuable data for capturing the cause of death [61,80]. Regrettably, examination of the placenta is often omitted because of lacking resources, training, and protection against contaminated blood, and poor understanding of its clinical importance in identifying the cause of death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making stillbirths count, making numbers talk - Issues in data collection for stillbirths

Frøen

Gordijn

Abdel‐Aleem

et al. 2009

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

100

129

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BackgroundStillbirths need to count. They constitute the majority of the world's perinatal deaths and yet, they are largely invisible. Simply counting stillbirths is only the first step in analysis and prevention. From a public health perspective, there is a need for information on timing and circumstances of death, associated conditions and underlying causes, and availability and quality of care. This information will guide efforts to prevent stillbirths and improve quality of care.DiscussionIn this report, we assess how different definitions and limits in registration affect data capture, and we discuss the specific challenges of stillbirth registration, with emphasis on implementation. We identify what data need to be captured, we suggest a dataset to cover core needs in registration and analysis of the different categories of stillbirths with causes and quality indicators, and we illustrate the experience in stillbirth registration from different cultural settings. Finally, we point out gaps that need attention in the International Classification of Diseases and review the qualities of alternative systems that have been tested in low- and middle-income settings.SummaryObtaining high-quality data will require consistent definitions for stillbirths, systematic population-based registration, better tools for surveys and verbal autopsies, capacity building and training in procedures to identify causes of death, locally adapted quality indicators, improved classification systems, and effective registration and reporting systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making stillbirths count, making numbers talk - Issues in data collection for stillbirths

Frøen

Gordijn

Abdel‐Aleem

et al. 2009

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

100

129

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“…Such factors are of particular importance in developing countries where PNM remains unacceptably high [8][9][10][11][12] with rates of up to 101/1000. Even in an urban setting within Saudi Arabia, large variations in PNM rates have been observed, 7,[13][14][15] suggesting that resources may have to be applied differently in different settings in order to maximize the benefit. The NWAFH is already functioning as a tertiary referral center for many specialties including neonatology, and full obstetric and neonatal facilities are available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal Mortality at the North West Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia and the Potential Benefits of the Biophysical Profile Score

English

1995

Ann Saudi Med

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“…(52) Stillbirth is arguably a developing country issue, and in that perspective, syphilis, malaria and other infections, congenital anomalies, placental abruptions, and other placental insufficiencies, including those associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension, contribute to most of global antepartum stillbirth mortality. (4,5,8,9,50,(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59) In some regions, syphilis alone has a population attributable factor for stillbirth exceeding 50%. (4) The challenges for developing countries are discussed in more detail later n chapter 6.…”

Section: Intrapartum and Antepartum Stillbirth Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Definition and epidemiology of stillbirths

Frøen¹,

Fretts²,

Flenady³

2010

Stillbirth

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Stillbirths constitute over half the global perinatal mortality, but only a minority will be registered in any health information system.(1) According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, 3 million stillbirths occurred in 2004 (2), apparently down from 3.3 million in 2000 (1) and 4.3 million in 1995.(3) There is little reason to believe that this trend reflects a decade of success in stillbirth prevention, and the authors of the WHO estimates acknowledge that the latest figures by all accounts are a significant underestimation--due to definitions used, methods of counting and estimation for missing data, and underreporting; issues we address in this chapter.Considering the prevalence and enormity of the emotional burden to families, stillbirths are a major public health problem. Understanding the epidemiology of stillbirths is essential for any maternity and infant health care policy development, surveillance and international comparisons, clinical services, and research. For this, we need not only to understand the basic numbers, but accessible data is needed on core indicators of quality and availability of care, as well as on the most prevalent causes of death and associated conditions. This need for information is a pressing issue in stillbirth prevention, as the knowledge gap is wide.(4-9)Despite the scale of the problem, stillbirths have largely been ill-prioritized and understudied by most standards. Stillbirths are not included in the WHO reports on the Global Burden of Disease (10) and, in contrast to infant and maternal deaths, they are not included in the Millennium Development Goals and Targets of the United Nations. For every 50 publications on unexplained infant death (SIDS) in PubMed, there is only one on the far more prevalent entity of unexplained stillbirths, and as we will show in this chapter, the proportion of medical research that directly addresses stillbirth has fallen continuously for over 40 years. The "10/90 gap" indicating that less than 10% of research resources address conditions affecting more than 90% of the world's population (11) is used to highlight important gaps in the global research agenda. However, the research gap for stillbirths goes beyond this "10/90 gap"; of all publications on stillbirth in PubMed, about 3% relates to developing countries where 99% of third trimester stillbirths occur.The ultimate goal in studying stillbirth epidemiology is prevention. The vast majority of stillbirths are not only preventable, but simple inexpensive interventions could lead to an increase in births of healthy infants with greater life expectancy.(9, 12) Mothers and families could be spared the chagrin accompanying pregnancy loss, and societies spared loss of healthy lives.This chapter aims to introduce some of the concepts in stillbirth epidemiology; some core numbers on the global epidemiology; and how definitions, data collections, and statistics affect our understanding and guide our preventive efforts for some of the main categories of stillbirths. The actual interven...

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Perinatal Mortality in Jeddah, Saudia Arabia

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Making stillbirths count, making numbers talk - Issues in data collection for stillbirths

Making stillbirths count, making numbers talk - Issues in data collection for stillbirths

Perinatal Mortality at the North West Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia and the Potential Benefits of the Biophysical Profile Score

Definition and epidemiology of stillbirths

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