Very sensitive responses to external forces are found near phase transitions. However, phase transition dynamics and pre-equilibrium phenomena are difficult to detect and control. We have directly observed that the equilibrium domain structure following a phase transition in BaTiO3, a ferroelectric and ferroelastic material, is attained by halving of the domain periodicity, sequentially and multiple times. The process is reversible, displaying periodicity doubling as temperature is increased. This observation is backed theoretically and can explain the fingerprints of domain period multiplicity observed in other systems, strongly suggesting this as a general model for pattern formation during phase transitions in ferroelastic materials.
TEXT (INTRODUCTION)The current interest in adaptable electronics calls for new paradigms of material systems with multiple metastable states. Functional materials with modulated phases 1 bring interesting possibilities in this direction, as long as we are able to tune the stability of these available states.Ferroic materials are good prospective candidates because the modulation can be controlled by external magnetic, electric or stress fields. In magnetic materials, the presence of competing interaction between spins can lead to commensurate or incommensurate modulated structures,