Periodontal regeneration using a bilayered PLGA/calcium phosphate construct

Abstract

The regeneration of tissues affected by periodontal disease is a complex process; it encompasses the formation of bone, cementum and periodontal ligament. We developed a semi-rigid PLGA (polylactide-co-glycolide acid)/CaP (calcium phosphate) bilayered biomaterial construct to promote periodontal regeneration, which has a continuous outer barrier membrane and an inner topographically complex component. Our experimental model compared periodontal prophylaxis alone with prophylaxis and biomaterial implantation in the treatment of class II furcation defects in dogs. Clinical evaluation, micro-computed tomography, histology and backscattered electron imaging were used for data analysis. Healing occurred uneventfully and bone volumetric values, trabecular number and trabecular thickness were all significantly greater in the treated group; while trabecular separation was significantly greater in the control group. New cementum, bone, and periodontal ligament with Sharpey fibre insertions were only seen in the treated group. Although periodontal regeneration has been reported elsewhere, the advantages of employing our bilayered PLGA + CaP construct are twofold: 1)it did not collapse into the defect; and, 2) its inner side was able to retain the blood clot throughout the buccal defect. The result was greater periodontal regeneration than has previously been reported with traditional flexible membranes.

Surface Entrapment of Fibronectin on Electrospun PLGA Scaffolds for Periodontal Tissue Engineering

“…TE and designed polymer biomaterials may give the mechanical support for the PDL regeneration with adapted scaffold degradability. 1,3,11 The use of designed and functionalized scaffolds may be an alternative strategy to accelerate the PDL regeneration in situ . In this sense, we have therefore carried out preliminary experiments to fabricate a novel scaffold based on PLGA polyester as potential biomaterial for in situ PDL TE.…”

“…4,11 With the wish to expand TE therapeutics for a higher number of patients, acellular biomaterials may be employed as a novel approach to heal periodontal site by the active recruitment of patient cells into the PDL scaffold in order to provide in situ regeneration in the cases of periodontitis. 3,12 …”

Poly (lactic acid)-based biomaterials for orthopaedic regenerative engineering

“…The multiphasic scaffolds are fabricated by providing variation in the topographical and morphological cues across the scaffold constructs; in addition, biochemical cues are varied by, for example, by utilizing multiple biomaterials, thereby potentially mimicking the complex tissue [274]. Currently, multiphasic and gradient scaffold based approach are commonly employed for periodontal and osteochondral regeneration [275, 276], but reports have been sparse for ligament regeneration.…”

Tailored sequential drug release from bilayered calcium sulfate composites

“…Reis et al developed drug-free, bilayered membranes comprising a continuous outer layer of PLGA with a porous calcium phosphate inner layer for the regeneration of lost periodontal tissue. [52] For infected sites, Nguyen et al developed a co-culture model using methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and mouse bone marrow stromal cells to investigate the dual effects of an antibiotic, vancomycin, along with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). [1] Separately, the two agents were not effective, but when delivered together, the needed concentration of vancomycin was significantly reduced, suggesting that lower, non-toxic doses could be used.…”