Periodontal Therapy and Gingival Health in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objective: Due to difficult identification of pathologic conditions of oral mucosa in diabetic patients, the aim of the study was to evaluate gingival epithelial cells by exfoliative cytology in patients with type 2 DM and periodontal disease before and after periodontal therapy. Methods: The group I (100 patients with periodontal disease and type 2 DM) and the group II (100 patients with periodontal disease) participated in the study. Oral examination was done, the gingival smears taken and periodontal therapy applied. Seven days afterwards, smears were taken again and the cytomorphometric analysis was done. Results: Cytomorphometric values were higher in the group I before and after therapy. Conclusion: Noteworthy differences in the cytomorphology of the gingiva found in patients with DM type 2 comparing to systemically healthy patients decreased after periodontal therapy. Changes are not specific for DM and further studies are needed to determine the predictive value of cytomorphometric analysis.

Prevalence and Associated Factors for Periodontal Disease among Type I and II Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Although the prevalence of periodontitis among type II DM patients is higher among those with poor glycemic control than those with reasonable glycemic control, there is not a significant association between the prevalence of periodontitis and HbA1c level. This finding agrees with studies in Saudi Arabia [ 20 ], Italy [ 21 ], India [ 1 ], and Lithuania [ 10 ]. However, it disagrees with the results of two studies in India [ 3 , 5 ].…”

“…It may be explained by the systemic and local effects of smoking on periodontal tissues. Our result agrees with the results of two studies in India [ 2 , 9 ], along with others in Iraq [ 6 ], Korea [ 7 ], Nepal [ 8 ], Lithuania [ 10 ], Iran [ 11 ], Hungary [ 17 ], Serbia [ 20 ], and Saudi Arabia [ 21 ].…”