A general conclusion can be drawn that low level laser irradiation (semiconductor, 670 nm) can be used as a successful physical adjuvant method of treatment, which, together with traditional periodontal therapy, leads to better and longer-lasting therapeutic results.

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the available literature on low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and its influence on bone repair and the osseointegration of biomaterials. Extensive studies of alveolar bone repair, a common problem in periodontal therapy, have been conduced worldwide. The utility of LLLT in biomaterial osseointegration is still unanswered, due to lack of literature and poorly understood mechanisms. It is still difficult for one to compare studies about the action of LLLT on the osseointegration of biomaterials because the experimental models and duration of treatments are very distinct. However, it could be concluded that LLLT may offer advantages in terms of periodontal and bone functional recovery and biomaterial osseointegration.

The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of low-level laser irradiation to traditional topical fluoride treatment for treatment choices of dentinal hypersensitivity following scaling and root planing. The experimental group (15 patients) was treated with low-energy-level diode laser at each site of dentinal hypersensitivity following scaling and root planning. The control group (15 patients) received topical fluoride treatment (protective varnish for desensitization). All the patients were treated at baseline visit, and then at day 2 and 4 after the initial treatment; the pain was subjectively assessed by the patients as strong, medium, medium low, low, or no pain. Total absence of the dental hypersensitivity was reported in 26.66% of the examined group even after the second visit, compared to the control group where complete resolution of the hypersensitivity was not present after the second visit in any of the treated cases. Complete absence of pain was achieved in 86.6% of patients treated with laser and only in 26.6% in the fluoride treated group, after the third visit. Based on our findings, we conclude that low-energy biostimulative laser treatment can be successfully used for treatment of dental hypersensitivity following scaling and root planing.

Kratak sadržaj Uvod. Diabetes mellitus je hronično oboljenje povezano sa mnogobrojnim faktorima rizika. Zbog povećanja dugovečnosti stanovništva i sve veće prevalence oboljenja stomatolozi u okviru svakodnevne prakse sve češće leče dijabetesne pacijente. Diabetes mellitus se povezuje sa mnogobrojnim oralnim komplikacijama kao što je infekcija Candidom albicans koja je i najčešća vrsta gljivica koja naseljava sluzokožu usne duplje u dijabetesnih bolesnika. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati učestalost oralne kandidoze u dijabetesnih i nedijabetesnih ispitanika. Materijal i metode. 150 ispitanika uključenih u istraživanje podeljeno je u tri grupe: 50 ispitanika sa diabetes mellitusom tip 1 bili su prva grupa, 50 ispitanika sa diabetes mellitusom tip 2 bili su druga grupa, a 50 ispitanika koji nisu bolovali od diabetes mellitusa činili su treću grupa. Stomatološkim pregledom procenjeno je stanje oralne higijene, parodoncijuma, prisustvo/odsustvo zuba i zubnih proteza u svakog pacijenta. Za vreme pregleda dobijeni su podaci iz anamneze o bolovanju od oralne kandidoze u prethodnih pet godina. Dijagnoza oralne kandidoze u vreme istraživanja postavljena je na osnovu kliničkog nalaza i laboratorijske identifikacije gljivica iz roda Candida. Rezultati. Utvrđeno je statistički značajno manje prisustvo kandidoze i subjektivnog osećaja oralne suvoće u kontrolnoj grupi (p<0.001). Zaključak. Učestalost kandidoze u usnoj duplji statistički je značajno veća u dijabetesnih bolesnika u odnosu na osobe koje ne boluju od dabetes mellitusa. Neophodna su dalja istraživanja i praćenje dijabetesnih bolesnika, kako bi se razjasnila uloga gljivica roda Candida kao dijagnostičkog faktora za diabetes mellitus i značajnog uzroka oboljenja u ovih pacijenata. Ključne reči: diabetes mellitus, oralna kandidoza, oralna suvoća Uvod Diabetes mellitus je hronično oboljenje povezano sa mnogobrojnim faktorima rizika. 1-3 Prisutan je poremećaj metabolizma ugljenih hidrata, masti i proteina izazvan smanjenom sekrecijom i/ili poremećenom aktivnošću insulina.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic periodontitis are common chronic diseases in adults in the world population. DM has a strong influence on the oral cavity and represents a risk factor for gingivitis and periodontitis. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has proven effective in the reduction of inflammation and swelling. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of LLLT in diabetic periodontitis through histological analysis. A total of 300 diabetics with chronic periodontal disease and teeth indicated for extraction were assigned into six equal groups. In the groups 1 and 4, indicated teeth were extracted before treatment, and in the rest of the groups upon completion of the entire treatment. All patients received oral hygiene instructions and full-mouth conservative periodontal treatment. In groups 3 and 6, LLLT was applied (670 nm, 5 mW, 2 J/cm(2), 16 min, 5 days). Histologic findings of gingival tissue treated with LLLT showed expressed healing, as is evident by the absence of inflammatory cells. Tissue edema could not be seen, and the number of blood vessels was reduced. In the gingival lamina, propria pronounced collagenization and homogenization were present. It can be concluded that LLLT has shown efficacy in the treatment of periodontitis in diabetics. Because of more pronounced alterations of periodontium in diabetics, the use of LLLT is of particular importance.