Periodontics. The past

Gold, Steven I.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1985.tb01367.x

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Local mechanical debridement of the teeth and root surfaces has been advocated for centuries as a treatment for diseases of the periodontium, with descriptions of calculus removal being found in the ancient writings of almost all known civilizations. Various other therapies such as cauterization using thermal or chemical agents, use of astringents on the soft and hard tissues, as well as soft‐tissue removal using curettes or surgical blades have been advocated at various times and in various cultures as treatments for periodontal diseases (127, 128). Scientific and technical progress in the 19th and 20th centuries, including better understanding of the histopathology of the disease and its microbial etiology, as well as the development of radiography, local anesthesia and analgesia, made diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases more standardized although not truly cause‐related.…”

Section: Treatment Modalities For Gingivitis and Periodontitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles of periodontology

Dentino¹,

Lee²,

Mailhot³

et al. 2012

Periodontology 2000

180

156

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Periodontal diseases are among the most common diseases affecting humans. Dental biofilm is a contributor to the etiology of most periodontal diseases. It is also widely accepted that immunological and inflammatory responses to biofilm components are manifested by signs and symptoms of periodontal disease. The outcome of such interaction is modulated by risk factors (modifiers), either inherent (genetic) or acquired (environmental), significantly affecting the initiation and progression of different periodontal disease phenotypes. While definitive genetic determinants responsible for either susceptibility or resistance to periodontal disease have yet to be identified, many factors affecting the pathogenesis have been described, including smoking, diabetes, obesity, medications, and nutrition. Currently, periodontal diseases are classified based upon clinical disease traits using radiographs and clinical examination. Advances in genomics, molecular biology, and personalized medicine may result in new guidelines for unambiguous disease definition and diagnosis in the future. Recent studies have implied relationships between periodontal diseases and systemic conditions. Answering critical questions regarding host-parasite interactions in periodontal diseases may provide new insight in the pathogenesis of other biomedical disorders. Therapeutic efforts have focused on the microbial nature of the infection, as active treatment centers on biofilm disruption by non-surgical mechanical debridement with antimicrobial and sometimes anti-inflammatory adjuncts. The surgical treatment aims at gaining access to periodontal lesions and correcting unfavorable gingival/osseous contours to achieve a periodontal architecture that will provide for more effective oral hygiene and periodontal maintenance. In addition, advances in tissue engineering have provided innovative means to regenerate/repair periodontal defects, based upon principles of guided tissue regeneration and utilization of growth factors/biologic mediators. To maintain periodontal stability, these treatments need to be supplemented with long-term maintenance (supportive periodontal therapy) programs.

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Section: Treatment Modalities For Gingivitis and Periodontitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles of periodontology

Dentino¹,

Lee²,

Mailhot³

et al. 2012

Periodontology 2000

180

156

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Severe periodontal diseases, accompanied by gingival hemorrhage, tooth mobility, and loss of attachment, have been a historic clinical feature ofascorbic acid (vitamin C) deficiency (Crandonetal., 1940;Linghorne et al, 1946;Stewart and Guthrie, 1953;Gold, 1985). However, contemporary studies suggest that the various forms of gingivitis and periodontitis result mainly from the activities of certain oral micro-organisms that colonize the teeth and adjacent periodontal tissues (Socransky, 1977;Page and Schroeder, 1982;Williams, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of Ascorbic Acid Depletion and Supplementation on Periodontal Health and Subgingival Microflora in Humans

et al. 1991

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This study describes the relationship between varying ascorbate intake, periodontal status, and subgingival microflora as part of a multidisciplinary investigation of ascorbic acid (AA) metabolism in young men housed for 13 weeks in a nutrition suite that provided controlled periods of ascorbic acid depletion and repletion. Twelve medically healthy non-smoking men, aged 25 to 43 years, ate a rotating four-day diet adequate in all nutrients except ascorbic acid. Following an initial baseline period during which the subjects received 250 mg AA/day, the subjects received 5 mg AA/day for a 32-day depletion period. Eight of the 12 subjects participated in a subsequent 56-day repletion period designed to replace the reduced body AA pool slowly. Plasma and leukocyte ascorbate levels, Plaque Index, Gingival Index, probing depths, and attachment level were monitored at the beginning and end of the depletion and repletion periods. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained and examined for selected organisms by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. A uniform oral hygiene program was reinforced after each examination. Ascorbate concentrations in plasma and leukocytes responded rapidly to changes in vitamin C intake. There were no significant changes in plaque accumulation, probing pocket depth, or attachment level during the study. In contrast, gingival bleeding increased significantly after the period of AA depletion and returned to baseline values after the period of AA repletion. However, no relationship could be demonstrated between either the presence or proportion of target periodontal micro-organisms and measures of bleeding or ascorbate levels.

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“…The first documented dental procedures date back to Neolithic times only about 8000 years BC [2] and dentistry and medicine have been linked in ancient records dating back to Egyptian times approximately 4000 years BC [3]. The importance of oral health for holistic wellbeing is also not a novel concept, as ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean, for example, had already noticed that teeth problems are associated with reproduction problems in women [4], and Hippocrates treated joint pain with tooth extractions (460-377 BC). With the discovery of microorganisms, and their causative link to diseases in the early 17 th and throughout 18 th century, the association between oral health and oral microbiota, became even more pronounced [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prelude to oral microbes and chronic diseases: past, present and future

Atanasova

Yılmaz

2015

Microbes and Infection

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Associations between oral and systemic health are ancient. Oral opportunistic bacteria, particularly, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, have recently been deviated from their traditional roles and arguably ascended to central players based on their participations in complex co-dependent mechanisms of diverse systemic chronic diseases risk and pathogenesis, including cancers, rheumatoid-arthritis, and diabetes.

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Periodontics. The past

Cited by 24 publications

References 4 publications

Principles of periodontology

Principles of periodontology

Effects of Ascorbic Acid Depletion and Supplementation on Periodontal Health and Subgingival Microflora in Humans

Prelude to oral microbes and chronic diseases: past, present and future

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