Periodontitis

Abstract

The purpose of this review was to assess the scientific and clinical bases for the proposed classification of periodontitis. The clinical and histopathological signs and the etiology of periodontitis were described. Cross-sectional studies were analyzed to determine when onset of periodontitis most frequently occurs in adults. In addition, the progression rates of periodontitis have been assessed from longitudinal studies. No clinical, histopathological, or microbiological features could be identified that would characterize different disease entities of chronic periodontitis. The prevalence, extent, and severity of periodontitis were found to increase continually with higher age and there was no age when onset of disease would most likely occur. The rate of periodontitis progression varies largely between patients and there is no natural threshold for distinguishing various rates of disease progression. The incidence of periodontitis unresponsive to treatment depends on pretreatment progression rate, extent and severity of disease, tooth type, smoking, high levels of putative periodontal pathogens, a deficient immune response, and the type of therapy provided. There is no scientific basis for the classification "adult periodontitis" and "refractory adult periodontitis." Extensive clinical examinations are required for the diagnosis of "rapidly progressive adult periodontitis." It appears unrealistic that these examinations can be performed routinely in clinical practice. Therefore, the classification proposed by the Organizing Committee to define adult, rapidly progressive, and refractory periodontitis as specific disease entities was replaced with a simplified classification of periodontitis based on the scientific data available.

Inflammasome Involvement in Alzheimer’s Disease

“…However, the H. pylori status was not associated with AD in a study from Japan, probably due to the high prevalence of the organism in controls (84,87). Furthermore, the composition of the oral microbiota irrespective of being indigenous or pathogenic in the oral cavity keeps changing in view of major oral diseases (caries, gingivitis, aggressive and chronic periodontitis, periodontal-endodontic lesions, peri-implantitis and mucositis) (88)(89)(90)(91)(92)(93)(94).…”

Report of the American Academy of Periodontology Workgroup on Updating the Current Classification of Periodontal Diseases

“…Klasyfikacja z 1999 r. wyróżniła 2 główne postacie choroby: przewlekłe (chronic periodontitis, CP) i agresywne zapalenie przyzębia (aggressive periodontitis, AgP) [3]. CP było opisane jako choroba wolno postępująca (wcześniej była nazwana zapaleniem przyzębia dorosłych), która u niektó-rych pacjentów może przebiegać z krótkimi okresami szybkiej destrukcji.…”

“…W klasyfikacji z 1999 r. postać zlokalizowaną i uogólnioną rozróżniano na podstawie odsetka miejsc badanych objętych zmianami [3]. Postać zlokalizowana miała dotyczyć pacjentów, u których stwierdza się do 30% miejsc badanych objętych zmianami, natomiast w postaci uogólnionej zmiany patologiczne obejmowały więcej niż 30% miejsc badanych.…”

Plasma Fibrinogen Levels in Chronic Periodontitis Subjects: A Pilot Study

“…Chronic periodontitis has recently been defined as"an infectious disease resulting in inflammation within the supporting tissues of the teeth, progressive attachment loss, and bone loss." 1 The role of periodontal disease in the etiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has recently received considerable attention. Epidemiological studies have shown that there is elevation of the systemic inflammatory markers related to cardiovascular diseases in the peripheral blood of periodontitis patients.…”