Periodontitis—A Silent Risk that Has Become Louder

D'Cruz, Len

doi:10.1308/205016820828463780

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…1 Periodontitis is the most advanced, irreversible and destructive form of periodontal disease, which leads to progressive attachment loss and bone destruction due to this acute (sometimes aggressive) or chronic inflammation. [2][3][4] Pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis involves a cascade of sequential events, leading to host immunomodulatory responses which in turn activate various cytokines, chemokines and pro-inflammatory mediators responsible for the progressive destruction of underlying gingival tissues and subsequent tooth loss. 3,5 Thus, enhanced periodontal tissue regeneration by suppressing the inflammatory response and stimulating regeneration of the destroyed tissues, is the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Periodontal disease is defined as a set of infectious oral inflammatory conditions that affect the supporting tissues of the teeth, including soft tissues such as gingiva and periodontal ligaments and hard tissues such as the alveolar bone 1 . Periodontitis is the most advanced, irreversible and destructive form of periodontal disease, which leads to progressive attachment loss and bone destruction due to this acute (sometimes aggressive) or chronic inflammation 2–4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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BMP4 micro‐immunotherapy increases collagen deposition and reduces PGE2 release in human gingival fibroblasts and increases tissue viability of engineered 3D gingiva under inflammatory conditions

Ferrà-Cañellas

Munar-Bestard

Garcia-Sureda³

et al. 2021

Journal of Periodontology

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Background: We aimed to evaluate the effect of low doses (LD) bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) and BMP4 micro-immunotherapy (MI) in two in vitro models of periodontal wound healing/regeneration. Methods: We first evaluated the effect of LD of BMP2 and BMP4 MI on a 2D cell culture using human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) under inflammatory conditions induced by IL1β. Biocompatibility, inflammatory response (Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release), collagen deposition and release of extracellular matrix (ECM) organization-related enzymes (matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) and metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1)) were evaluated after short (3 days) and long-term (24 days) treatment with BMP2 or BMP4 MI. Then, given the results obtained in the 2D cell culture, LD BMP4 MI treatment was evaluated in a 3D cell culture model of human tissue equivalent of gingiva (GTE) under the same inflammatory stimulus, evaluating the biocompatibility, inflammatory response and effect on MMP1 and TIMP1 release. Results: LD BMP4 was able to decrease the release of the inflammatory mediator PGE2 and completely re-establish the impaired collagen metabolism induced by IL1β treatment. In the 3D model, LD BMP4 treatment improved tissue viability compared with the vehicle, with similar levels to 3D tissues without inflammation. No significant effects were observed on PGE2 levels nor MMP1/TIMP1 ratio after LD BMP4 treatment, although a tendency to decrease PGE2 levels was observed after 3 days. Conclusions: LD BMP4 MI treatment shows anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties on hGF, and improved viability of 3D gingiva under inflammatory conditions. LD BMP4 MI treatment could be used on primary prevention or maintenance care of periodontitis. K E Y W O R D Sbone morphogenetic protein 4, gingiva, in vitro technique, periodontitis, bone morphogenetic protein 2

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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BMP4 micro‐immunotherapy increases collagen deposition and reduces PGE2 release in human gingival fibroblasts and increases tissue viability of engineered 3D gingiva under inflammatory conditions

Ferrà-Cañellas

Munar-Bestard

Garcia-Sureda³

et al. 2021

Journal of Periodontology

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“…Periodontal disease (PD) is an inflammatory and infectious disease of the supporting tissues around the tooth, which originates from microbial plaque‐derived product and occurs due to a specific and complex interaction between pathogenic bacteria and the host response (D'Cruz, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the frequency of periodontal pathogenic species of diabetics and non‐diabetics and its relation to periodontitis severity, glycemic control and body mass index

Akherati

Shafaei

Salehiniya

et al. 2021

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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Objectives: To investigate common pathogenic bacteria of periodontal diseases (PD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its relationship with PD severity, glycemic control and body mass index (BMI).Material and Methods: This case-control study consisted of 55 patients with T2DM and 55 individuals as control. Samples were collected from periodontal pockets. After DNA extraction, using 16srRNA-specific primers, the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) were examined based on polymerase chain reaction method.Results: Aa frequency was significantly higher in in T2DM group than control. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of Pg, Tf, Pi, and Fn between studied groups. There were no significant differences between frequencies of studied bacteria in different severities of periodontitis in T2DM group. Prevalence of Tf in T2DM patients with moderate periodontitis was significantly higher than non-diabetics with moderate periodontitis. There was no significant difference between the frequency of bacteria in diabetics with good and poor glycemic control. There was a significant difference between the frequencies of Pg in T2DM individuals with different BMI levels.Conclusions: A higher frequency of detection of Aa was found in diabetic when compared to non-diabetics. Glycemic control did not affect the frequency distribution of studied bacteria in T2DM. Pg was identified in higher frequency in overweight T2DM patients.bacteria, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, periodontal disease, periodontal index | INTRODUCTIONPeriodontal disease (PD) is an inflammatory and infectious disease of the supporting tissues around the tooth, which originates from microbial plaque-derived product and occurs due to a specific and complex interaction between pathogenic bacteria and the host response (D'Cruz, 2020).Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of metabolic diseases that result from any defect in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often develops as a result of

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“…Patients are increasingly aware of the importance of periodontitis for general health and of the potentially fatal consequences of its neglect. For example, when the DM complication myocardial infarct occurs, medical care providers may experience legal consequences by the survivor or the deceased’s estate for neglecting referral for proper dental examination and therapy – just like the dentists neglecting examining for and managing periodontitis ( 215 ). Hence, legal liability is another reason for medical and dental care professionals to take periodontitis seriously.…”

Section: Interprofessional Collaborationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current scientific evidence for why periodontitis should be included in diabetes management

Borgnakke

2024

Front. Clin. Diabetes Healthc.

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This Perspective provides a brief summary of the scientific evidence for the two-way links between periodontal diseases and hyperglycemia (diabetes mellitus [DM] and pre-DM). It delivers in a nutshell current scientific evidence for manifestations of hyperglycemia on periodontal health status and effects of periodontal diseases on blood glucose levels and in turn incidence, progression, and complications of diabetes. Of outmost importance is presentation of scientific evidence for the potential of routine periodontal treatment to lower blood glucose levels, providing a novel, economical tool in DM management. Non-surgical periodontal treatment (“deep cleaning”) can be provided by dental hygienists or dentists in general dental offices, although severe cases should be referred to specialists. Such therapy can decrease the costs of DM care and other health care costs for people with DM. The great importance of a healthy oral cavity free of infection and subsequent inflammation – especially periodontitis that if untreated will cause loosening and eventually loss of affected teeth – has largely gone unnoticed by the medical community as the health care curricula are largely void of content regarding the bi-directional links between oral health and systemic health, despite elevation of blood glucose levels being an integral part of the general systemic inflammation response. The importance of keeping disease-free, natural teeth for proper biting and chewing, smiling, self-esteem, and pain avoidance cannot be overestimated. Medical and dental professionals are strongly encouraged to collaborate in patient-centered care for their mutual patients with – or at risk for – hyperglycemia.

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Periodontitis—A Silent Risk that Has Become Louder

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

BMP4 micro‐immunotherapy increases collagen deposition and reduces PGE2 release in human gingival fibroblasts and increases tissue viability of engineered 3D gingiva under inflammatory conditions

BMP4 micro‐immunotherapy increases collagen deposition and reduces PGE2 release in human gingival fibroblasts and increases tissue viability of engineered 3D gingiva under inflammatory conditions

Comparison of the frequency of periodontal pathogenic species of diabetics and non‐diabetics and its relation to periodontitis severity, glycemic control and body mass index

Current scientific evidence for why periodontitis should be included in diabetes management

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