Periodontitis as a risk indicator and predictor of poor outcome for lacunar infarct

Abstract

Aim To investigate the association between periodontitis (PD) and lacunar infarct (LI) as well as to analyse whether PD could be a predictor of poor functional prognosis in patients with LI. Material and Methods Full‐mouth periodontal examination was done in 120 cases (patients with LI) and 157 healthy controls. Demographic, clinical, medical and neurological information were collected from all of them. In addition, a measure of periodontal inflammation and disease activity, namely the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), was also calculated for each patient. Poor functional outcome was considered as a modified Rankin Scale >2 at 3 months. Results PD was independently associated with the presence of LI (OR = 3.3, p < 0.001). Poor outcome was observed in 31 patients with LI (25.8%), of which 90.3% had PD. A PISA value ≥727 mm2 was an independent predictor of poor prognosis, after adjusting for clinical confounders (OR = 6.5, p = 0.001). Conclusions PD and LI were associated. Active moderate to severe PD predicted poor prognosis in patients with LI. Further evidence is warranted to confirm our results and investigate potential mechanisms behind this association.

Periodontitis and systemic markers of neurodegeneration: A case–control study

“…PISA reflects the surface area of bleeding pocket epithelium in mm 2 . As previously described (Leira & Blanco, ; Leira, Rodríguez‐Yáñez, et al, , Leira, Rodríguez‐Yáñez, et al, ), PISA was calculated using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, in the following steps: (a) mean CAL and gingival recession for each particular tooth are calculated; (b) linear mean CAL and gingival recession are translated into the periodontal epithelial surface area (PESA) for each specific tooth (Hujoel, White, García, & Listgarten, ). The PESA for a particular tooth consists of the root surface area of that tooth measured in mm 2 , which is covered with pocket epithelium; (c) the PESA for a specific tooth is then multiplied by the proportion of sites around the tooth that was affected by bleeding on probing, resulting in the PISA for that particular tooth; and (d) the sum of all individual PISAs around individual teeth is calculated, rendering the full‐mouth PISA value in mm 2 for each participant (Nesse et al, ).…”

Periodontal inflammation is related to increased serum calcitonin gene‐related peptide levels in patients with chronic migraine

“…Periodontal examination protocol was recently reported . In brief, two calibrated periodontists (YL and PA) masked to patient medical history recorded full‐mouth periodontal measurements from each participant including probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), gingival recession (Rec), full‐mouth plaque score (FMPS), and full‐mouth bleeding score (FMBS) .…”

Estimation of the Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area by Simple Oral Examination

“…Many studies have used PISA for evaluation of periodontal conditions. Since PISA reflects the inflammation status of periodontal tissue, these studies focused on the correlation of PISA and systemic diseases [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43], or the correlation of PISA with novel disease markers [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. In the present study, IRT analysis was used to set a cut-off point for the number of bleeding sites and the maximum values of PD in a single tooth.…”