Perioperative Cardiac Risk Assessment for the Frail Older Adult

Frailty, the Elderly, and the Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiac Risk Assessment and Management in Noncardiac Surgery

“…To the Editor: Whitney et al 1 correctly point out the growing evidence that frailty is a predictor of a variety of complications after surgery and that high-quality evidence for the optimal management of this population has been lacking in the cardiovascular literature. The Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiac Risk Assessment and Management for Patients Who Undergo Noncardiac Surgery is a focused document examining preoperative risk assessment, perioperative risk modification, postoperative monitoring for events, and management of cardiac events (the authors of this article participated on the primary panel of the CCS Guidelines on Perioperative Risk Assessment and Management for Patients Who Undergo Noncardiac Surgery and authored the guidelines document).…”