Periostin, a neurite outgrowth‐promoting factor, is expressed at high levels in the primate cerebral cortex

Abstract

Periostin (POSTN or osteoblast specific factor) is an extracellular matrix protein originally identified as a protein highly expressed in osteoblasts. Recently, periostin has been reported to function in axon regeneration and neuroprotection. In the present study, we focused on periostin function in cortical evolution. We performed a comparative gene expression analysis of periostin between rodents (mice) and primates (marmosets and macaques). Periostin was expressed at higher levels in the primate cerebral cortex compared to the mouse cerebral cortex. Furthermore, we performed overexpression experiments of periostin in vivo and in vitro. Periostin exhibited neurite outgrowth activity in cortical neurons. These results suggested the possibility that prolonged and increased periostin expression in the primate cerebral cortex enhances the cortical plasticity of the mammalian cerebral cortex.

Increased concentration of serum periostin is associated with poor outcome of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

“…Few studies have explored the role of periostin in neurological diseases till now. Matsunaga et al reported that periostin was expressed at higher level in primate cerebral cortex than mouse cerebral cortex and periostin exhibited neurite outgrowth activity in brain tissues . Recent studies have revealed that periostin was overexpressed in neural stem cell (NSCs) following hypoxia ischemia and hypoxia could increased periostin expression .…”

“…Previous studies have identified periostin as a biomarker of inflammation and oxidative stress and evidences also showed that periostin played a key role in promoting tumor progression under hypoxia . What's more, Matsunaga E reported that periostin was expressed at higher level in primate cerebral cortex than mouse cerebral cortex and what's more, periostin exhibited neurite outgrowth activity . Periostin was observed in neurons and increased in astrocytes at 24 hours after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo), which indicated that periostin might play an important role in the pathologic process after stroke .…”

“…expressed at higher level in primate cerebral cortex than mouse cerebral cortex and what's more, periostin exhibited neurite outgrowth activity. 15 Periostin was observed in neurons and increased in astrocytes at 24 hours after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo), which indicated that periostin might play an important role in the pathologic process after stroke. 16 Recently, study showed that serum periostin concentrations in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) was significantly higher than healthy individuals and level of periostin was significantly associated with clinical severity.…”

Bone Mineral Density and Cognitive Decline in Elderly Women: Results from the InCHIANTI Study

“…Periostin is a matricellular protein that mediates adaptive response of cortical bone to loading; periostin deficiency has significant negative consequences on bone materials properties, damage accumulation and repair, including local modeling/remodeling in response to fatigue; at the same time, periostin exerts a neuroprotective effect and enhances cortical plasticity [42]. …”

Identification of tool use acquisition‐associated genes in the primate neocortex

“…Perfusion and preparation of frozen sections of macaque monkeys were performed as previously described (Matsunaga et al 2015b). To prepare RNAs for microarray analysis or quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), we cut some serial sections at a 50 lm thickness (1 mm interval) and dissected brain slices with scalpels in a cold chamber.…”