Peripartum anesthetic management of patients with aortic valve stenosis: a retrospective study and literature review

Anaesthetic Challenge in Undiagnosed Mitral Valvular Disease in Emergency Lower Segment Caesarean Section in a Secondary Level Hospital – A Case Report

“…There is 40-50% increase in cardiac output, 15-25% increase in heart rate, 45% increase in intravascular volume than the pre-pregnant values 1, 6 .…”

Noninvasive cardiac output monitoring during general anesthesia for Cesarean delivery in a patient with severe aortic stenosis

“…Cardiac output is thus determined primarily by HR. [2][3][4][5][6] It is thought that vasodilator therapy is relatively contraindicated as it may rapidly decrease systemic vascular resistance, resulting in decreased blood pressure, decreased coronary blood flow, and a compensatory tachycardia which can be hazardous. However, there is evidence that careful vasodilation may increase CO in AS.…”

“…The stenotic aortic valve limits blood leaving the heart and may lead to a relatively fixed cardiac output (CO). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] General anesthesia is advocated for its cardiostable properties. 4 The safety of neuraxial anesthesia continues to be questioned, but recent case reports 3,7 and series 2,8 have documented its successful use in this highrisk patient group.…”

Management of aortic stenosis in pregnancy

“…An eccentric jet is common in AS secondary to bicuspid valves and thus the freestanding probe should always be used to eliminate the underestimation of the gradient. (4) The most common error that causes overestimation of aortic valve severity is incorrect measurement of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) diameter. An LVOT diameter of less than 17mm should always raise concern as to an incorrect measurement.…”

“…(2)(3)(4)(5) Rheumatic AS is another important cause, especially in developing countries. (6) The majority of rheumatic AS is accompanied by rheumatic mitral valve involvement, although rare cases of isolated rheumatic AS have been seen.…”