Peripersonal versus extrapersonal visual scene information for egocentric direction and position perception

Abstract

People use spatial representations of the visual environment in many daily activities, such as walking or driving a car. Spatial perception is important in interactions with the visual world. In a spatial navigation or wayfinding situation, perception of the observer's direction and position in space is explicitly necessary to comprehend the relative locations of destination and observer and to determine the route to the goal (cf. Epstein, Parker, & Feiler, 2007; Wolbers & Hegarty, 2010). During spatial learning (i.e., learning of the spatial layout of objects), an observer's viewpoint functions as the "frame of reference" for perceiving the spatial layout (cf. Tommasi & Laeng, 2012). Many studies have examined the effect of the viewpoint on spatial perception (e.g.,

The whereabouts of visual attention: Involuntary attentional bias toward the default gaze direction

“…To our knowledge, few experimental psychology studies have used this system to record participants' gaze locations (cf. Nakashima & Kumada, 2017). Although we found this system to be useful, gaze recording was very difficult when the participant looked at a visual stimulus using eccentric gaze, and gaze data of about half of the participants could not be adequately recorded.…”

Sequential surface integration process hypothesis of the ground-surface reference frame

“…)。 地面是人类周围环境中最重要的一个表面。 大量研究表明, 在中等距离范围内(约 2 米以外 30 米以内), 人类是以地面为参照框架对置于其表面 上的物体的空间布局进行编码的 (He et al, 2004;Feria et al, 2003;He & Ooi, 2000;Bian et al, 2005Bian et al, , 2006; Thompson & Creem-Regehr, 2007;Bian & Andersen, 2010;Kavšek & Granrud, 2013;Loomis, 2014;Wu, Zhou, Shi, He, & Ooi, 2015;Nakashima & Kumada, 2017;Loyola, 2018 (He et al, 2004), 且得到了大 量实证研究的支持 (Ooi, Wu, & He, 2006;Jansen, Toet, & Werkhoven, 2011;Bian & Andersen, 2011; 周 佩 灵 , 黎 安 娟 , 2011; Wu, He, & Ooi, 2014;Erkelens, 2015;Jenkins et al, 2015;Norman et al, 2015;Proulx et al, 2016 (Eby & Loomis, 1987;Loomis et al, 1996;Teng et al, 2016;Thomson, 1983;Loomis, 2014;Kunz et al, 2009), 但却难以通过口头的方…”