Peritoneal Air Exposure Elicits an Intestinal Inflammation Resulting in Postoperative Ileus

Abstract

Background. The pathogenesis of postoperative ileus (POI) is complex. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of peritoneal air exposure on the POI intestinal inflammation and the underlying mechanism. Methods. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups (6/group): the control group, the sham group, and three exposure groups with peritoneal air exposure for 1, 2, or 3 h. At 24 h after surgery, we analyzed the gastrointestinal transit, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, the myeloperoxidase activity, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in the ileum and colon. The oxidant and antioxidant levels in the ileum and colon were analyzed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Results. Peritoneal air exposure caused an air-exposure-time-dependent decrease in the gastrointestinal transit. The length of peritoneal air exposure is correlated with the severity of both systemic and intestinal inflammations and the increases in the levels of MDA, SOD, GSH-Px, and T-AOC. Conclusions. The length of peritoneal air exposure is proportional to the degree of intestinal paralysis and the severity of intestinal inflammation, which is linked to the oxidative stress response.

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Ginsenoside Rb1 Contributes to the Recovery of Gastrointestinal Motility in the Rat Model of Postoperative Ileus

“…In the previous study, charcoal transport is commonly used as an objective measurement to assess gastrointestinal motility in animal research. 23,30,35,36) These studies demonstrate that POI is associated with decreased gastrointestinal transit assessed by charcoal transport. In the present study, we also employed charcoal transport to determine the gastrointestinal motility, and further investigate the improvement effect of GRb1 on POI.…”

“…16,21,22) Among these factors, accumulating evidence indicates that intestinal inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of POI. 16,23,24) The extent of intestinal manipulation during abdominal surgery causes the degree of intestinal inflammation and further determines the duration and severity of gastrointestinal dysmotility. 25) Therefore, methods to reduce intestinal inflammation and shorten postoperative rehabilitation course are popular pursuits in modern surgery.…”

“…Target mRNAs of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were separately reverse-transcribed to complementary DNA and measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as described in our previous study. 23,32) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as an internal standard to normalize the target mRNAs, and relative quantifications and calculations were performed by the 2 −ΔΔCT method to analyze gene expression. 33) The primer sequences were shown in Table 1.…”

Berberine Reduces Uremia-Associated Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Damage

“…As an important lipid peroxidation production in the oxidative stress process, an MDA increase may indicate the increased oxidative stress injury followed by uremia. 25) SOD, one of the main antioxidant enzymes, could prevent the body from oxidative stress injury. 38) In the present study, berberine treatment was shown to significantly increase the intestinal SOD activity, compared with the uremic group.…”

“…The MPO activity (units/g tissue) was quantitatively measured by spectrophotometry at 460 nm as described in our previous study. 25) Histopathological Analysis The removed terminal ileum was fixed with 10% buffered formaldehyde solution and embedded in paraffin. Slices of 4-µm thickness were made, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E).…”