Peritoneal Dialysis Using Conventional, Lactate - Containing Solution Sterilized by Ultrafiltration

Ts, Ing; Aw, Yu; Kd, Thompson; Au, Ansari; Ap, McShane; Vc, Gandhi; Jp, Filkins

doi:10.1177/039139889201501107

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In vitro studies showed a significant increase in cell viability, equaling the viability of control cells, following administration of filter-sterilized PD fluids (82). At present, only a few cases of application of filter-sterilized PD solutions have been published, and they date some years back (83,84).…”

Section: Strategies To Reduce Glucose-related Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Glucose in Peritoneal Dialysis: Saint or Sinner?

Sitter

Sauter

2005

Perit Dial Int

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Peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions using glucose as osmotic agent have been used for more than two decades as effective treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. Although alternative osmotic agents such as amino acids and macromolecular solutions, including polypeptides and glucose polymers, are now available, glucose is still the most widely used osmotic agent in PD. It has been shown to be safe, effective, readily metabolized, and inexpensive. On the other hand, it is widely assumed that exposure of the peritoneal membrane to high glucose concentrations contributes to both structural and functional changes in the dialyzed peritoneal membrane. As in diabetes, glucose, either directly or indirectly through the generation of glucose degradation products or the formation of advanced glycation end products, may contribute to peritoneal membrane failure. Although efforts to reduce glucose toxicity have been made for years, only a few suggestions, such as dual-bag systems with bicarbonate as buffer system, have found broader acceptance. Recently, some interesting new approaches to the problem of glucose-related toxicity have been made, but further investigations will be necessary before they can be used clinically. This review will focus on adverse effects of glucose in PD solutions and summarize different aspects of glucotoxicity and potential therapeutic interventions.

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Section: Strategies To Reduce Glucose-related Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Glucose in Peritoneal Dialysis: Saint or Sinner?

Sitter

Sauter

2005

Perit Dial Int

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“…Liposomes are biodegradable and biocompatible lipid vesicles comprising one or more layers of phospholipid in addition to other components such as cholesterol and polymers [85]. Liposomes ubiquitously are known to encapsulate and deliver both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs.…”

Section: Novel Colloidal Delivery Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent perspectives on the delivery of biologics to back of the eye

Joseph

Trinh

Cholkar

et al. 2016

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery

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Introduction Biologics are generally macromolecules, large in size with poor stability in biological environments. Delivery of biologics to tissues at the back of the eye remains a challenge. To overcome these challenges and treat posterior ocular diseases, several novel approaches have been developed. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems, like drug encapsulation technology, macromolecule implants and gene delivery are under investigation. We provide an overview of emerging technologies for biologics delivery to back of the eye tissues. Moreover, new biologic drugs currently in clinical trials for ocular neovascular diseases have been discussed. Areas Covered Anatomy of the eye, posterior segment disease and diagnosis, barriers to biologic delivery, ocular pharmacokinetic, novel biologic delivery system Expert Opinion Anti-VEGF therapy represents a significant advance in developing biologics for the treatment of ocular neovascular diseases. Various strategies for biologic delivery to posterior ocular tissues are under development with some in early or late stages of clinical trials. Despite significant progress in the delivery of biologics, there is unmet need to develop sustained delivery of biologics with nearly zero-order release kinetics to the back of the eye tissues. In addition, elevated intraocular pressure associated with frequent intravitreal injections of macromolecules is another concern that needs to be addressed.

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“…Criteria for toxicity comprise inhibition of growth, fall in superoxide generation and reduction in tumor necrosis factor production. Sterilization of PDS by ultrafiltration obviates this problem of toxic product formation (33,34). The importance of this means of sterilization in terms of preservation of cellular function is at present still under investigation.…”

Section: Cellular Dysfunctions Due To the Formation Of Toxic Glucose mentioning

confidence: 99%