Permanent deformation behaviour of black cotton soil treated with calcium carbide residue

Noolu, Venkatesh; Heeralal, M.; Pillai, Rakesh J.; Yantrapalli, Sudheer Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.010

Cited by 38 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Before formal load, the initial plastic deformation was eliminated by applying 2000 cycles of pre-loads to specimens, and the stress level selected for pre-loads was same as that for the formal load. Then, the data for the 10,000th cycle were taken as the final permanent deformation value of the specimens [37]. Replicable tests were carried out for every test number included in Table 2.…”

Section: Test Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gray Correlation Analysis and Prediction on Permanent Deformation of Subgrade Filled with Construction and Demolition Materials

Zhang

et al. 2019

Materials

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Construction and demolition (C&D) materials obtained from the demolition of buildings are proven to be qualified and sustainable subgrade fillers. The permanent deformation response of subgrade C&D materials under different moisture contents, degrees of compaction, deviator stresses, and confining pressures was revealed by carrying out dynamic triaxial texts. Then, using a four-factor and three-level orthogonal test and by calculating the Gray correlation degree of each factor, the influence degree of each factor on the permanent deformation was determined. The results indicated that two different response types of the permanent deformation of subgrade C&D materials, plastic shakedown and plastic creep, were identified as reason behind the increase in stress levels. Also, according to the Gray correlation analysis results, the permanent deformation of highway subgrade filled with C&D materials is influenced by the deviator stress most significantly, followed by moisture content, degree of compaction, and confining pressure. Finally, a permanent deformation prediction model about this kind of subgrade filler with a reasonable prediction accuracy was proposed.

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Section: Test Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gray Correlation Analysis and Prediction on Permanent Deformation of Subgrade Filled with Construction and Demolition Materials

Zhang

et al. 2019

Materials

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“…Yet, substantial industrial waste, called calcium carbide residue (CCR), is also generated during the production of acetylene gas, often in large amounts because of the high demand for acetylene gas; it is estimated that China alone produces 28 million tons of CCR annually [ 2 ]. The CCR is mainly composed of calcium hydroxide, which has high alkalinity [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], so the accumulation of considerable high-alkaline CCR has a detrimental role in the environment and ecology [ 6 ], via its water alkalization as well as biological impacts [ 7 ]. In addition, CCR often contains heavy metals, whose migration during rains can lead to heavy metal pollution in both the soil and water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Calcium Carbide Residue as Solid Alkali for Preparing Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers: Dependence of Compressive Strength and Microstructure on Calcium Carbide Residue, Water Content and Curing Temperature

Wang

Guo

et al. 2022

Materials

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Calcium carbide residue (CCR) is a solid waste resulting from acetylene gas production. In this study, CCR was used as an alkali activator to prepare fly ash (FA)-based geopolymers without any alkali supplementation. We studied the factors (FA/CCR ratio, curing temperature, and water/binder ratio) influencing the mechanical property of FA/CCR-based geopolymers. The compressive strength results showed that, by optimizing these three factors, the FA/CCR mixture has great potential for use as a cementitious material and geopolymer with a dense microstructure having a maximal compressive strength of 17.5 MPa. The geopolymers’ chemical structure, microstructure, and chemical composition were characterized and determined by a combination of techniques. All these results revealed that amorphous C-(A)-S-H (calcium (aluminate) silicate hydrate) gels mainly formed after geopolymerization resulting from the reaction of FA and CCR. In addition, some crystallines, such as ettringite and monosulfate, were also formed. Further, geopolymers prepared with a suitable FA/CCR ratio (1:1 or 1:2) possessed a compact microstructure because of their sufficient reactive SiO2 and Al2O3 and high-enough alkalinity, responsible for higher content of C-(A)-S-H formation and better mechanical property. Too high curing temperature or water content induced the formation of a loosely bound geopolymer matrix that strongly weakens its mechanical property.

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“…In the case of India, official guidelines regarding perpetual pavements were not available until the Indian Roads Congress (IRC 37:2018) published guidelines with primary information regarding perpetual pavements. Black cotton soil is expansive in nature and in India, over 20 % area is covered with black cotton soil [5]. It shows tremendous volume change owing to changes in the moisture content, and hence, it creates difficulty in flexible pavement construction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of soil stabilization on design of conventional and perpetual pavement in India

Lakušić¹

2022

JCE

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The present study compares conventional pavement and perpetual pavement in the case of ground-granulated blast-slag-stabilized black cotton soil. Ground-granulated blast slag (GGBS) can be used for pavement over weak subgrade. We added slag to soil in proportions of 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, and 40 %. After determining the engineering properties of the soil and GGBS, modified Proctor compaction and California bearing ratio tests were performed. After determining these values, six combinations for conventional pavements and perpetual pavements with treated and non-treated subgrades were designed using a mechanistic-empirical methodology. The pavements were designed using IITPAVE software. The relevance of perpetual pavements was justified based on life-cycle cost assessment and carbon dioxide emissions for a duration of 50 years. The present study concludes that for the implementation of perpetual pavements in a developing country such as India, there is a need for further study in the domain of soil stabilization as well as usage of high-stiffness base materials considering the rising cost of bitumen.

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Permanent deformation behaviour of black cotton soil treated with calcium carbide residue

Cited by 38 publications

References 21 publications

Gray Correlation Analysis and Prediction on Permanent Deformation of Subgrade Filled with Construction and Demolition Materials

Gray Correlation Analysis and Prediction on Permanent Deformation of Subgrade Filled with Construction and Demolition Materials

Utilization of Calcium Carbide Residue as Solid Alkali for Preparing Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers: Dependence of Compressive Strength and Microstructure on Calcium Carbide Residue, Water Content and Curing Temperature

Effect of soil stabilization on design of conventional and perpetual pavement in India

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