Permanent deformation of the unbound granular base course layer is a major factor that influences the structural response and performance of asphalt pavements. It is one of the pavement distress types that require special attention especially in the springtime in Alaska. In the past few decades, research efforts have focused on the resilient characteristics of base course materials. However, less effort has been spent on the permanent deformation behavior of base materials, especially for cold-region pavements. In Alaska, D-1 base course materials have been commonly used in pavement construction. Under traffic loading, permanent deformation of these materials exhibited significant variations due to seasonal conditions. Base materials' saturation and weakening due to thawing usually resulted in significant permanent deformation of pavement structures. This paper describes a series of repeated load triaxial tests which were conducted on D-1 base course materials from the central region of Alaska. These tests aimed at evaluating the effects of the stress state, temperature, freeze-thaw cycling, moisture and non-plastic fines content on the permanent strain of laboratory prepared specimens. Test results and analyses showed that the increase of fines and moisture contents, and freeze-thaw cycling significantly increased permanent deformation.