Permeability Impact on the Pressure Rise in a Pultrusion Die

Cost-efficient, automated, and sustainable composite profile manufacture: A review of the state of the art, innovations, and future of pultrusion technologies

“…Over the last 50 years, more than 1400 papers have been published in scientific journals and conference proceedings about pultrusion 3 , which includes theoretical and experimental studies of various thermoset resin systems [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40], thermoplastics [20,22,24,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49], as well as alternative and renewable materials and reinforcements [50][51][52][53][54]. For resin-injection pultrusion, in particular, where analyses of the impregnation flow is essential to ensure saturation [15,[38][39][40]55,56], studies have considered geometrical configurations of the injection chamber [57][58][59][60][61] as well as other process parameters such as the profile-advancing pulling speed [62], resin viscosity [63], and fibre permeability [64]. Using thermo-chemical-mechanical analyses, numerous studies have also looked into process-induced stresses and deformation of thermoset pultrusion…”

Comparison of Two Permeation Test Benches and Two Determination Methods for Darcy's and Forchheimer's Permeabilities

“…The permeability of the preform controls the impregnation of the resin and thus the final properties of the CMC structure. Due to low injection speed at high pressure, the flow of resin remains laminar and the Darcy's law can be used to describe such fabrication methodology (Raper et al, 1999).…”