Permeability of Dormant Bacterial Spores

Black, S. H.; MacDonald, Russell E.; Hashimoto, Tadayo

doi:10.1038/185782a0

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…(A) Depth profiles of 7 Li ϩ in control spores (no exposure) and spores exposed to LiF solution for 3 days, showing uptake of Li from solution throughout the spore, with greater uptake in the outer structures. Li content in the treated spores (measured as a 7 Li ϩ / 12 C ϩ ion ratio) increased by greater than 4 orders of magnitude relative to the control sample. (B, C) Summed 44 Ca ϩ and 7 Li ϩ NanoSIMS ion images of spores with no exposure (B) and 3 days of exposure to 10 mM LiF solution (C).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically, spores were assumed to be impermeable. However, pioneering studies by Lewis et al (29) and others (5)(6)(7)19) demonstrated that dormant spores are permeable to water and that permeability to various solutes is controlled by their molecular weight, charge, and lipophilicity (19). These and subsequent studies led to the dismissal of the impermeability hypothesis, although structural limits on permeability, particularly into the spore core, remain an active area of interest (14,52).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Spatially Resolved Characterization of Water and Ion Incorporation in Bacillus Spores

Ghosal

Leighton²,

Wheeler³

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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We present the first direct visualization and quantification of water and ion uptake into the core of individual dormant Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis) endospores. Isotopic and elemental gradients in the B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis spores show the permeation and incorporation of deuterium in deuterated water (D 2 O) and solvated ions throughout individual spores, including the spore core. Under hydrated conditions, incorporation into a spore occurs on a time scale of minutes, with subsequent uptake of the permeating species continuing over a period of days. The distribution of available adsorption sites is shown to vary with the permeating species. Adsorption sites for Li ؉ , Cs ؉ , and Cl ؊ are more abundant within the spore outer structures (exosporium, coat, and cortex) relative to the core, while F ؊ adsorption sites are more abundant in the core. The results presented here demonstrate that elemental abundance and distribution in dormant spores are influenced by the ambient environment. As such, this study highlights the importance of understanding how microbial elemental and isotopic signatures can be altered postproduction, including during sample preparation for analysis, and therefore, this study is immediately relevant to the use of elemental and isotopic markers in environmental microbiology and microbial forensics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially Resolved Characterization of Water and Ion Incorporation in Bacillus Spores

Ghosal

Leighton²,

Wheeler³

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…These data, in combination with the results we obtained for phosphorus mobility, suggest that DPA could exist in the core immobilized in a water-insoluble network. A model which postulates the occurrence of an insolubly gelled core with crosslinking between macromolecules to form a high-polymer matrix with entrapped free water has been suggested by Black & Gerhardt (1962). DPA was reported to bind covalently to specific macromolecules (Matano et al, 1993) and could therefore be involved in the formation of a stable network in which immobilized phosphorus might be integrated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water contents of spore protoplasts were found to vary among Bacillus species between 26 and 55 % (Nakashio & Gerhardt, 1985 ;Lindsay et al, 1985 ;Beaman et al, 1984 ;Beaman & Gerhardt, 1986). The occurrence of an insolubly gelled core with cross-linking between macromolecules through stable but reversible bonds to form a high-polymer matrix with entrapped free water was suggested by Black & Gerhardt (1962).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hydration on molecular mobility in phase-bright Bacillus subtilis spores

Leuschner

Lillford

2000

Microbiology

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The molecular mobility of 31 P and 13 C in dormant Bacillus subtilis spore samples with different water concentrations was investigated by high-resolution solidstate NMR. Lowest molecular mobility was observed in freeze-dried preparations. Rehydration to a 10 % weight increase resulted in increases in molecular motions and addition of excess water furthered this effect. A spore slurry which had been freeze-dried displayed after addition of excess water similar NMR spectra to native wet preparations. Dipicolinic acid (DPA), which is mainly located in the core, was detected at all hydration levels in 13 C crosspolarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) but not in single-pulse magic angle spinning (SPMAS) spectra, indicating that hydration had no effect on its mobility. The molecular mobility of 31 P, present mainly in core-specific components, was strongly dependent on hydration. This result suggests reversible water migration between inner spore compartments and the environment, whereas 13 C spectra of DPA indicate that it is immobilized in a water-insoluble network in the core. Scanning transmission electron microscopy revealed that freeze-dried spores were significantly longer and narrower than fully hydrated spores and had a 3 % smaller volume.

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“…We have sought to use this potential in conjunction with studies on the structure and function of bacterial spore membranes (1)(2)(3). A point of particular concern was the localization in the spore of dipicolinic acid (DPA), which is uniquely present in large amounts (4) and is believed to be associated with heat resistance (3,5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Permeability of Dormant Bacterial Spores

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Spatially Resolved Characterization of Water and Ion Incorporation in Bacillus Spores

Spatially Resolved Characterization of Water and Ion Incorporation in Bacillus Spores

Effects of hydration on molecular mobility in phase-bright Bacillus subtilis spores

Monochromatic Ultraviolet Microscopy of Microorganisms: Preliminary Observations on Bacterial Spores

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