Permeability of the arachnoid and pia mater. The role of ion channels in the leptomeningeal physiology

Filippidis, Aristotelis S.; Zarogiannis, Sotirios G.; Ιωάννου, Μαρία; Gourgoulianis, Konstantinos; Molyvdas, Paschalis-Adam; Hatzoglou, Chrissi

doi:10.1007/s00381-012-1688-x

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…A blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, at the level of the choroid plexuses, and a blood-leptomeningeal barrier, at the level of the subarachnoid microvessels, have also been described [193,194]. Furthermore, the epithelioid pia mater acts as an additional CNS barrier that regulates solute and cell traffic between the CSF in the subarachnoid space (SAS) and the sub-pial parenchyma [195,196]. Outside the CNS, a blood-retinal barrier has been also described.…”

Section: Evs and The Blood-brain Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles as Signaling Mediators and Disease Biomarkers across Biological Barriers

Simeone

Bologna

Lanuti

et al. 2020

IJMS

148

117

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Extracellular vesicles act as shuttle vectors or signal transducers that can deliver specific biological information and have progressively emerged as key regulators of organized communities of cells within multicellular organisms in health and disease. Here, we survey the evolutionary origin, general characteristics, and biological significance of extracellular vesicles as mediators of intercellular signaling, discuss the various subtypes of extracellular vesicles thus far described and the principal methodological approaches to their study, and review the role of extracellular vesicles in tumorigenesis, immunity, non-synaptic neural communication, vascular-neural communication through the blood-brain barrier, renal pathophysiology, and embryo-fetal/maternal communication through the placenta.

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Section: Evs and The Blood-brain Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles as Signaling Mediators and Disease Biomarkers across Biological Barriers

Simeone

Bologna

Lanuti

et al. 2020

IJMS

148

117

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“…Issues related to the ability of viral particles to move into the parechnyma have been consideredas well as the use of direct intraparenchymal injections [437]. Here the potential role of the pia mater in establishing such a barrier to particulates and larger molecules in the CSF has been noted in humans and dogs [438-440]. Techniques to increasethat movement have been proposed,including the use of hypertonic solutions [441].…”

Section: Current Spinal Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Future Issues in the Development of Spinal Agents for the Management of Pain

Yaksh

Fisher²,

Hockman³

et al. 2017

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Targeting analgesic drugs for spinal delivery reflects the fact that while the conscious experience of pain is mediated supraspinally, input initiated by high intensity stimuli, tissue injury and/or nerve injury is encoded at the level of the spinal dorsal horn and this output informs the brain as to the peripheral environment. This encoding process is subject to strong upregulation resulting in hyperesthetic states and downregulation reducing the ongoing processing of nociceptive stimuli reversing the hyperesthesia and pain processing. The present review addresses the biology of spinal nociceptive processing as relevant to the effects of intrathecally-delivered drugs in altering pain processing following acute stimulation, tissue inflammation/injury and nerve injury. The review covers i) the major classes of spinal agents currently employed as intrathecal analgesics (opioid agonists, alpha 2 agonists; sodium channel blockers; calcium channel blockers; NMDA blockers; GABA A/B agonists; COX inhibitors; ii) ongoing developments in the pharmacology of spinal therapeutics focusing on less studied agents/targets (cholinesterase inhibition; Adenosine agonists; iii) novel intrathecal targeting methodologies including gene-based approaches (viral vectors, plasmids, interfering RNAs); antisense, and toxins (botulinum toxins; resniferatoxin, substance P Saporin); and iv) issues relevant to intrathecal drug delivery (neuraxial drug distribution), infusate delivery profile, drug dosing, formulation and principals involved in the preclinical evaluation of intrathecal drug safety.

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“…al [31,35] show that the dura mater contains lymphatic vessels that drain CSF out of SAS (also see [33,36]. Pia matter forms a macroscopic semipermeable membrane made of many cells, not just one lipid bilayer [37]. Many layered epithelia have been characterized as "semipermeable membranes" in low resolution studies of epithelia for more than a century.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optic nerve microcirculation: Fluid flow and electrodiffusion

Zhu

Eisenberg

et al. 2021

Physics of Fluids

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Flows of water and various organic and inorganic molecules in the central nervous system are important in a wide range of biological and medical processes, as has recently become apparent (Nicholson et al. 2017 [1]). However, the exact mechanisms that drive these flows are often not known. Here we investigate the forces and flows in a tridomain model of the central nervous system. We use the experimental system of the optic nerve, investigated by the Harvard group Orkand et al [3,20] as a protype of the central nervous system in general. We construct a model and choose its parameters to fit the experimental data. Asymptotic analysis and numerical computation show the significant role of water in convective ion transport. The full model (including water) and the electro-diffusion model (excluding water) are compared in detail to show the main physiological consequences of the complex structure as viewed in our model. In the full model, convection due to water flow dominates inside the glial domain. This water flow in the glia contributes significantly to spatial buffering of potassium in the extracellular space. Convection in the extracellular domain does not contribute significantly to spatial buffering. Electrodiffusion is the dominant mechanism for flows confined to the extracellular domain.

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Permeability of the arachnoid and pia mater. The role of ion channels in the leptomeningeal physiology

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

Extracellular Vesicles as Signaling Mediators and Disease Biomarkers across Biological Barriers

Extracellular Vesicles as Signaling Mediators and Disease Biomarkers across Biological Barriers

Current and Future Issues in the Development of Spinal Agents for the Management of Pain

Optic nerve microcirculation: Fluid flow and electrodiffusion

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