Abstract:Urease-immobilized ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVA) membrane was prepared by the covalent bonding of urease on EVA membrane activated with cyanuric chloride. The urease-immobilized EVA membrane had optimum pH at about 7.0 similar to native urease. The Michaelis constant (K m ) and the maximum velocity (V m ) of the urease-immobilized EVA membrane were smaller than those of native urease. When the EVA membrane, prepared on a polyethylene (PE) plate by the phase inversion method, was used as a support, ure… Show more
“…The latter is especially in protein separations responsible for non-selective adsorption and membrane fouling. Despite the usability of the secondary alcohol groups for covalent binding of affinity ligands, only few studies have been performed on the surface activation and functionalization of commercial EVAL membranes and their application in affinity based separation processes [37][38][39][40].…”
“…The latter is especially in protein separations responsible for non-selective adsorption and membrane fouling. Despite the usability of the secondary alcohol groups for covalent binding of affinity ligands, only few studies have been performed on the surface activation and functionalization of commercial EVAL membranes and their application in affinity based separation processes [37][38][39][40].…”
“…Corresponding values for free urease were found as 103 mol/min mg and 11.37 mM, respectively. One can explain the higher affinity of immobilized urease such that, the complex between immobilized urease and a substrate is formed easily [42]. In addition, it may also an indication of conformational changes occurred during immobilization.…”
Section: Determination Of the Kinetic Parameters Of The Immobilized Umentioning
a b s t r a c tImmobilized urease has been used for direct removal of urea from aqueous solution and as biological sensing material in the preparation of urea biosensors. The former application is carried out under dynamic condition using ultrafiltration membrane either in tubular form or in flat sheet, while the latter is used in static condition. In this study, the performance of chemically immobilized urease on poly(acrylonitrileco-sodium methallyl sulfonate) ultrafiltration membrane was determined under both static and dynamic conditions. Results reveal that the immobilization enhanced the thermal and storage stabilities of urease. The hydraulic permeability of urea solution was not influenced by the addition of enzyme layer. The maximum reaction rate measured under pressure in the ultrafiltration unit was found higher compared to the rate observed just under mixing without any pressure applied. The highest urea conversion was found at the lowest transmembrane pressure and the urea concentration in the feed solution. The catalytic activity of the membrane was completely preserved at the end of 450 min of filtration.
“…This selectivity suggests that an appropriate match between the structure of heparin and the structure of the basic polymer is essential in promoting cellular uptake. Synthesis of polymers with pendent saccharides, also known as "glycopolymers" attracted the attention of many researchers in the past few years [157][158][159][160]. One of the most interference with the fibroblast growth factor signal transduction pathway, was shown to be unaffected by internalized heparin.…”
Section: High Molecular Weight Cationic Polymersmentioning
We aim from this review to stimulate further research in this area by providing a description of the different types of inhibitors containing heparin mimetic molecules that have recently been reported and data on their biological activity. Molecules that mimic heparin and bind to heparin-binding growth factors are important building blocks for synthetic biomaterials. Different types of synthetic mimics of the biological properties of heparin have been prepared inclu-ding high molecular weight compounds or small molecule mimics. Peptide-based mimics of heparin functionality are limited and because of their low degree of sulfation, they are natural targets as heparin mimics. Aromatic sulfonamide derivatives exhibit a range of bioactivities and a novel angiogenesis inhibitor (E 7820) is used as a TF model for screening assay. The anticoagulant activity of the known heparin pentasaccharide sequence prompted synthetic efforts aimed at the procurement of this structure as well as a host of related sequences. Chemical modification of the natural or synthetic heparin increased factor activation of AT III Xa affinity. A variety of non-peptide non-saccharides inhibitors as anti-angiogenesis therapies directed against the VEGFR kinase are a promising and well-validated therapeutic approach under active evaluation of their safety and efficacy in multiple clinical trials. These low molecular weight modulators could be useful tools for biologists and may have potential as drugs or as leads for drug development.
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