Pernicious anaemia.

Chanarin, I.

doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6842.1584

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…There is limited information on the clinicopathological features of megaloblastic anaemia in Asian countries (Siang, England & O'Brien, 1996;Herbert, 1982;Rassiga, Finch & English, 1982;Chanarin et al 1985;Ng et al 1988), particularly on the frequency of pernicious anaemia (PA), the commonest cause of vitamin B12 deficiency and megaloblastic anaemia in the West (Chanarin 1992). We report our findings in a consecutive series of 84 Chinese patients with megaloblastic anaemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Clinicopathological features of megaloblastic anaemia in Hong Kong: a study of 84 Chinese patients

Hui

et al. 1998

Clinical &Amp; Laboratory Haematology

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Megaloblastic anaemia is uncommon in Hong Kong. Eighty-four consecutive Chinese patients with megaloblastic anaemia were studied. There were 48 males and 36 females, with a median age at presentation of 67 years. Vitamin B12 deficiency was found in all cases, with none of the patients showing folate deficiency. The frequency of pernicious anaemia in our patients was higher than in other south-east Asian series but comparable with western ones. When compared with patients in the West, our cases showed the following main differences: virtual absence of folate deficiency, even in alcoholics; absence of associated gastric malignancies; and a high frequency of tuberculosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Clinicopathological features of megaloblastic anaemia in Hong Kong: a study of 84 Chinese patients

Hui

et al. 1998

Clinical &Amp; Laboratory Haematology

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“…Pernicious anaemia (PA) has been defined as ‘a megaloblastic anaemia due to cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency resulting from malabsorption of cobalamin due to gastric atrophy’ 1. It is an immune-mediated condition the mechanism of which is exploited in diagnosis and which is reflected in the association with a number of other autoimmune conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This test has now fallen out of favour with the limited availability of reagents to perform the test and the increasing acceptance of intrinsic factor (IF) antibody assays. Intrinsic factor antibodies have been implicated in the development of pernicious anaemia1 and their detection is highly suggestive of the diagnosis2 although their absence does not preclude it 3. Other tests which may support your diagnosis include gastric parietal cell antibodies and serum gastrin and pepsinogen levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examination of the blood film will reveal macrocytosis and anisocytosis1 (erythrocytes of varying sizes) and may also demonstrate poikilocytosis (abnormally shaped red cells, poikilocytes, in peripheral blood) and hypersegmented neutrophils 1 4. Bone marrow examination is not usually required to make the diagnosis but would be expected to demonstrate megaloblastic erythropoiesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to be vigilant for the onset of gastrointestinal malignancy, with some authors advocating regular endoscopy even in the absence of alarm symptoms 1 11. In centres where this approach is not adopted a low threshold for further investigation should be maintained.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autoimmune pernicious anaemia as a cause of collapse, heart failure and marked panyctopaenia in a young patient

Carey

Hack²

2012

Case Reports

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Identification and Treatment of Anaemia in Older Patients

Murphy

Hutchinson

1994

Drugs & Aging

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Anaemia in elderly patients should never be regarded as a normal physiological response to aging. Underlying causes must be investigated and treated in a similar manner to that used in younger adults. In addition to a thorough history and physical examination, basic investigations such as red cell indices and morphology, reticulocyte count, haematinic assays and occasionally bone marrow examination, will detect the underlying pathology in most cases. Anaemia may be classified, according to red blood cell mean corpuscular volume, into microcytic, macrocytic and normocytic types. Anaemia with an absolute reticulocytosis is due either to acute blood loss or haemolysis. Other anaemias, more frequently encountered in elderly patients, are hypoproliferative, and reflect depressed marrow production or impaired erythroid maturation. Examples include anaemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency and, less commonly, megaloblastic anaemia and anaemia due to primary bone marrow failure. The treatment of anaemia should aim to correct the underlying cause of the disorder and/or to improve the quality of the blood, e.g. by haematinic replacement therapy. Recombinant human erythropoietin has revolutionised the treatment of anaemia associated with chronic renal failure, while its role in other anaemias is currently under investigation. Regular blood transfusion may be required for some elderly patients with chronic anaemia. However, the attendant risks of this procedure, such as iron overload and viral hepatitis transmission, must be considered.

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Pernicious anaemia.

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Clinicopathological features of megaloblastic anaemia in Hong Kong: a study of 84 Chinese patients

Clinicopathological features of megaloblastic anaemia in Hong Kong: a study of 84 Chinese patients

Autoimmune pernicious anaemia as a cause of collapse, heart failure and marked panyctopaenia in a young patient

Identification and Treatment of Anaemia in Older Patients

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