Pernicious Anemia and Vitiligo in an HIV Patient: An Unfamiliar Case Presentation

Mutengo, Katongo Hope; Mupeta, Francis; Ngalamika, Owen

doi:10.1155/2020/7942453

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Notably, vitiligo not only affects the appearance of skin, but also has systemic influence. Previous studies have linked vitiligo with various comorbidities, including endocrine disorders (for example, thyroiditis) [4,5], eye and ear diseases (such as Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome) [6] and even other skin diseases (for example, psoriasis) [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between vitiligo and relevant components of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Kang

Zhang

et al. 2022

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

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Summary Background and objectives This study aimed to investigate the association of vitiligo with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its relevant components. Material and methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase databases from inception to March 30, 2021, for relevant studies. Cross‐sectional and case‐control studies that reported either the prevalence or odds ratio [OR] of MetS or its components in vitiligo patients were included. Data were pooled using either random‐effects model or fixed‐effects model according to the heterogeneity. Results Thirty studies with a total of 28,325 vitiligo patients were included. Significant associations were found between vitiligo and diabetes mellitus (pooled OR, 3.30; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 2.10–5.17) and between vitiligo and obesity (pooled OR, 2.08; 95 % CI, 1.40–3.11). The overall prevalence of hypertension in the patients with vitiligo was 19.0 % (95 % CI, 2.0 %–36.0 %). Conclusions Our findings suggest the association of vitiligo with diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension. It is recommended for dermatologists to take these associations into account so as to identify potential comorbidities promptly in vitiligo patients. Additionally, vitiligo patients are advised to monitor the indexes including BMI, blood glucose, and blood pressure levels and the consultation with specialists is necessary upon abnormal changes of these indexes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between vitiligo and relevant components of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Kang

Zhang

et al. 2022

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

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“…Multifactorial reasons like inflammatory cytokines released by lymphocytes, underlying chronic disease, mixed nutritional deficiencies, opportunistic infections, malnutrition, malabsorption, vitamin B 12 deficiency, etc., might have contributed towards anemia. [ 12 23 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Decreased serum vitamin B 12 level has been noted in up to 20% of patients with AIDS, contributing toward hematologic and neurologic dysfunction in AIDS. [ 11 12 ] Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation has been shown to affect the vitamin B 12 status of the patients. [ 13 14 ] Most of these studies have analysed Vitamin B 12 status in late-stage being complicated with tuberculosis, neuropsychiatric manifestations, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of serum vitamin B12 with immuno-hematological parameters in treatment-naive HIV positive cases

Saharia

Kavitha

Singh

et al. 2022

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

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Background: The manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and vitamin B 12 deficiency overlap each other, so early diagnosis and intervention is important. The study aims to find out serum vitamin B 12 level and its association with CD4 and CD8 count, clinical-staging, and hemato-biochemical status in newly diagnosed HIV positive cases. Methodology: Fifty-five confirmed HIV cases above 18 years of age and equal number of age and sex matched controls were recruited for the study. CD4 and CD8 counts were analyzed by Flow cytometer. Complete Blood Count, Serum vitamin B 12 , Folic acid, ferritin, and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) concentration were done. Results: Serum vitamin B 12 was observed to be significantly low in HIV positive cases than healthy controls with a mean value of 240.62 ± 56.75 pg/ml and 317.57 ± 52.56 pg/ml, respectively. Decreased CD4 counts with elevated levels of ferritin and CRP was seen in HIV positive individuals. The subgroup analysis based on the levels of vitamin B 12 was directly proportional to CD4 counts. CD8 counts also registered a significant association with serum B 12 level, yet the response is not proportionate with the level of vitamin B 12 deficiency. Nearly one-third of HIV positive cases revealed vitamin B 12 deficiency. Conclusion: During the early stage, fast dividing immune cells cause increased consumption of micronutrients contributing toward vitamin B 12 deficiency. It contributes to disorders in methylation affecting the immune function and NK Cell activity which increases the number of CD8 cells. Hence, vitamin B 12 is a beneficial immunological modulator of HIV infection and can be a potent game changer in resource constrained set up.

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“…Dabei ist wichtig festzuhalten, dass die Vitiligo nicht nur das Erscheinungsbild der Haut beeinflusst, sondern auch systemische Effekte hat. Frühere Studien haben die Vitiligo mit verschiedenen Begleiterkrankungen, einschließlich endokrinen Erkrankungen (zum Beispiel Thyreoiditis) [4,5], Erkrankungen der Augen und Ohren (wie dem Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-Syndrom) [6] und sogar anderen Hauterkrankungen (zum Beispiel Psoriasis) [7] in Verbindung gebracht.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Zusammenhang zwischen Vitiligo und wichtigen Komponenten des metabolischen Syndroms: eine systematische Übersicht und Metaanalyse

Kang

Zhang

et al. 2022

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Ziele Ziel dieser Studie war die Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen Vitiligo und dem metabolischen Syndrom (MetS) sowie dessen relevanten Komponenten. Material und Methoden Die Datenbanken PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library und Embase wurden von deren Beginn bis zum 30. März 2021 nach relevanten Studien durchsucht. Querschnitts‐ und Fall‐Kontroll‐Studien, die entweder die Prävalenz oder die Odds‐Ratio [OR] des MetS oder seiner Komponenten bei Vitiligo‐Patienten berichteten, wurden eingeschlossen. Die Daten wurden entsprechend der Heterogenität entweder mit einem Zufallseffektmodell oder einem Modell mit festen Effekten gepoolt. Ergebnisse Es wurden 30 Studien mit insgesamt 28.325 Vitiligo‐Patienten eingeschlossen. Signifikante Zusammenhänge wurden zwischen Vitiligo und Diabetes mellitus (gepoolte OR, 3,30; 95 %‐Konfidenzintervall [KI], 2,10–5,17) sowie zwischen Vitiligo und Adipositas (gepoolte OR, 2,08; 95 %‐KI, 1,40–3,11) ermittelt. Die Gesamtprävalenz der Hypertonie bei Patienten mit Vitiligo betrug 19,0 % (95 %‐KI, 2,0 %–36,0 %). Schlussfolgerungen Unserer Ergebnisse lassen auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen Vitiligo und Diabetes mellitus sowie Hypertonie schließen. Dermatologen wird empfohlen diese Zusammenhänge zu berücksichtigen, um potenzielle Begleiterkrankungen bei Vitiligo‐Patienten zeitnah zu identifizieren. Zudem wird Vitiligo‐Patienten empfohlen, Parameter wie BMI, Blutzuckerspiegel und Blutdruck zu überwachen und bei auffälligen Veränderungen dieser Parameter unverzüglich einen Spezialisten zu konsultieren.

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Pernicious Anemia and Vitiligo in an HIV Patient: An Unfamiliar Case Presentation

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Association between vitiligo and relevant components of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Association between vitiligo and relevant components of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Association of serum vitamin B12 with immuno-hematological parameters in treatment-naive HIV positive cases

Zusammenhang zwischen Vitiligo und wichtigen Komponenten des metabolischen Syndroms: eine systematische Übersicht und Metaanalyse

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