Perpetuating Gender Inequality via the Internet? An Analysis of Women’s Presence in Spanish Online Newspapers

Searching for Women on Boards: An Analysis from the Supply and Demand Perspective

“…The utility and efficacy of such databases were discovered more than a decade ago (Zelechowski & Bilimoria, 2004) but have not been the focus of academic research. Another way to increase the public profile of female candidates is through visibility in the media, although women still seem to be underrepresented across this medium (De Anca & Gabaldon, 2014a;Mateos de Cabo, Gimeno, Martínez, & López, 2014).…”

Portrayal of women and men in the Spanish press

“…The under-representation of women in the media has been found in studies conducted in Spain and other countries (Cf. Calvo and Gutiérrez, 2016;Collins, 2011;Mateos de Cabo, Gimeno, Martínez and López, 2014;Matud et al, 2011;Stanley, 2012;WACC, 2015). It has also been confirmed that, similar to what these studies found, the representation of women and men is informed by gender stereotypes that attribute the power and authority to men.…”

The Presence and Depiction of Women on the Front Pages of Croatian Daily Newspapers: In the Service of Promoting Gender Stereotypes?

“…Studies at the national level, and in particular two in Spain, reveal the more frequent presence of men not just in texts, but as well as in photographs and advertisements (Matud et al, 2011). On the other hand, these studies reveal that women are far more present in sections related to society and culture, or shorter news items, and in Sunday editions (Mateos de Cabo et al, 2014). Sen Jia et al further confirm this trend in a large study whose results show that "the domains where women are more present include fashion and entertainment, while men are more associated with business and politics."…”

“…Margaret Gallagher explains further how the term itself has become "a powerful and widely used metaphor to describe the ways in which media images make women invisible," noting that, [t] (Gallagher, 2014: 23) Eran Shor et al cite numerous studies to show "that women's marginalisation in the media is due not only to their underrepresentation, but also to the stereotypic and often subordinating, belittling, and demeaning ways in which they are portrayed." (Shor et al, 2014: 768) Numerous studies support these findings in various types of media, from including both printed (Shor et al, 2014) and online newspapers (Mateos de Cabo et al, 2014), as well as analyses of photographs (Stanley, 2012;Len-Ríos et al, 2005;PriceRankin, 2001), and specialised studies of front pages (Potter, 1985). In addition, various studies have been conducted on more specific topics related to the representation and the image of women in newspapers such as, including the depiction of female offenders (Brennan and Vandenberg, 2009;Collins, 2014); coverage of male and female athletes (Godoy-Pressland, 2014;Weber and Carini, 2012) and how it pertains to the Olympic Games (Vincent et al, 2002;Crolley and Teso, 2007;King, 2007); and the depiction of female politicians (Ibroscheva and Raicheva-Stoverb, 2009;Garcia-Blanco and WahlJorgensen, 2012;O'Neill and Savigny, 2014), among others.…”