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AbstractWe run a real exchange rate forecasting "horse race", which highlights that two principles hold. First, forecasts should not replicate the high volatility of exchange rates observed in sample. Second, models should exploit the mean reversion of the real exchange rate over long horizons. Abiding by these principles, an open-economy DSGE model performs well in real exchange rate forecasting. However, it fails to forecast nominal exchange rates better than the random walk. We find that the root cause is its inability to predict domestic and foreign inflation. This shortcoming leads us toward simpler ways to outperform the random walk.
Non-technical summaryEconomic theory provides policymakers with clear guidance on how the competitiveness channel operates in the aftermath of a wide set of disturbances, such as monetary, productivity, risk premium or foreign shocks. However, there is a cloud hanging over this aspect of international economics, namely that these conjectures may have limited empirical significance, given the systematic failure of macro models to beat even the naïve random walk (RW) in exchange rate forecasting (the "exchange rate disconnect puzzle"). The question then naturally arises of whether international macro models are rich enough to be meaningful. Layers of complexity are typically added to improve their realism. For example, including in the features of the model the currency of trade invoicing may help the model to capture better the degree of exchange rate pass-through. Similarly, distinguishing the currency of denomination of asset and liabilities, may lead to a better description of the dynamics of external debt, which may be essential to better understand real exchange rate movements in emerging countries. On the other hand, imposing too many restrictions on the data generating process, either theoretically or in the estimation phase, may prove disadvantageous from a pure forecasting perspective given the higher number of estimated parameters. Every cloud has a silver lining, however. The exchange rate disconnect puzzle has spurred economists to look for new directions of research with success. Openeconomy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models are clearly a major accomplishment from the theoretical perspective. The empirical literature has also shown why, by properly accounting for estimation error, exchange rate models may be better than we usually think. The consen...