PERSISTENCE OF CARBARYL (SEVIN-4-OIL^®) IN WOODLAND PONDS AND ITS EFFECTS ON POND MACROINVERTEBRATES FOLLOWING FOREST SPRAYING

Abstract

The impact of an experimental aerial application of carbaryl (Sevin-4-oil®) on the macroinvertebrate fauna of woodland ponds was studied in northern Maine. Carbaryl was applied at the rate of 840 g A.I./ha, the same rate as was used for control of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), damage. Four treated ponds and three untreated ponds were observed for up to 30 months following treatment. Maximum residue levels of 254 μg/L were found in the water and 53,793 μg/kg (dry weight) in the sediment. Residues were detectable in the water 14 months and in the sediment 16 months after treatment.The most severe and persistent impact was on the Amphipoda with Hyallela azteca (Saussure) and Crangonyx richmondensis Ellis reduced to near 0/m2 and failing to recolonize in some of the ponds 30 months after treatment. Numbers of immature Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera were reduced immediately following spray application but this impact did not persist throughout the season nor into the following year. Immediate reduction in numbers of adult Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera emerging from the ponds was also found. Numbers of immature Odonata were reduced following treatment and remained low during the following year. The Chironomidae did not appear affected either as immatures or emerging adults.

Distribution and persistence of carbaryl in some terrestrial and aquatic components of a forest environment

“…However, the present value differed considerably from the ones (1.7 to 6.0 d) reported by Eichelberger and Lichtenberg (1971), Osman and Belal (1980) and Stanley and Trial (1980). In addition to dilution, light and temperature (Karinen et al, 1967;Lamberton and Claeys;1970), translocation to other matrixes such as sediment (Oloffs et al, 1972(Oloffs et al, , 1973Szeto et al, 1979), uptake by aquatic invertebrates (Courtemanch and Gibbs, 1978;Gibbs et al, 1984) and fish (Marancik, 1976;Hulbert, 1978;Haines 1981), microbial degradation (Caro et al 1974;Liu et al, 1981) also would have played an important role in residue dissipation. Minute but quantifiable amounts of carbaryl were detected in water up to 10 d postspray.…”

Growth and development of larval green frogs (Rana clamitans) exposed to multiple doses of an insecticide

“…Carbaryl can enter aquatic systems by direct application of run-off from agricultural lands (Cox 1993) with its persistence varying with soil type, amount of rainfall, and pH (Guerrant et al 1970;Wauchope and Haque 1973;Gibbs et al 1984). The potency of carbaryl is known to change with temperature (Boone and Bridges 1999) and ultraviolet-B radiation (Zaga et al 1998).…”

Fate of carbofuran and its effects on aquatic macroinvertebrates in Canadian prairie parkland ponds

“…The degradation of carbofuran and other carbamate insecticides have been shown to be log-linear functions of time (Aly and E1-Dib, 1972;Seiber et al, 1978;Gibbs et al, 1984). Assuming that degradation rates in the treatment ponds also followed a log-linear pattern over time, it was possible to estimate degradation rates for each pond despite the fact that they were sampled only twice following spraying.…”