Persistence of <i>Dothistroma septosporum</i> on Abscised Pine Needles and its Implications for Disease Management

Mullett, Martin; Peace, Andy; Brown, A. V.

doi:10.1094/pdis-11-15-1306-re

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In unthinned, unpruned stands of the long-needled P. nigra subsp. laricio, many infected needles that have fallen from higher up in the crown are intercepted, which then act as a further source of inoculum (Mullett, Peace et al, 2016). Pruned foliage is generally left in situ but needles on the ground are rapidly colonized by other fungi (Gadgil, 1970;Gibson et al, 1964;Mullett, Tubby et al, 2016), so the inoculum available to infect foliage on the tree is reduced through competition.…”

Section: Silvicultural Management -Pruningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern molecular methods, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and real-time PCR (West, Atkins, Emberlin, & Fitt, 2008;West, Atkins, & Fitt, 2009), could be used to quantify sporulation of this pathogen. Methods for absolute quantification of Dothistroma using cutting edge techniques have been developed (Janoušek et al, 2012) and used (Mullett, Peace, & Brown, 2016). New quantification methods yet to be developed may improve epidemiological studies and help DNB management.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A worldwide perspective on the management and control of Dothistroma needle blight

et al. 2016

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Summary Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) caused by Dothistroma septosporum and Dothistroma pini is a damaging disease of pine in many countries. The disease led to the abandonment of planting susceptible Pinus species in parts of Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe and North America. Although the disease can be effectively controlled using copper fungicides, this chemical is only routinely applied in forests in New Zealand and Australia. Other management tactics aimed at making conditions less favourable for disease development, such as thinning or pruning, may be effective on some, but not all, sites. Disease avoidance, by planting non‐susceptible species, is the most common form of management in Europe, along with deployment of hosts with strong disease resistance. Although D. septosporum is present almost everywhere Pinus is grown, it is important that an effort is maintained to exclude introductions of new haplotypes that could increase virulence or enable host resistance to be overcome. A global strategy to exclude new introductions of Dothistroma and other damaging forest pathogens, facilitated by collaborative programmes and legislation, is needed.

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Section: Silvicultural Management -Pruningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

A worldwide perspective on the management and control of Dothistroma needle blight

et al. 2016

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“…When developing a risk assessment for Dothistroma spp., the dry heat and associated decrease in seed moisture content were assumed sufficient to kill propagules of the pathogen on seeds or in any associated needle debris [26]. However, D. septosporum can persist for up to eight months on detached needles in the forest stand [30] and Ivory [31] reported Dothistroma spp. spores could remain viable in needle tissue incubated at 55 • C for 'several days', and survive desiccation at 30 • C for nine weeks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the Seed Trade Provide a Potential Pathway for the Global Distribution of Foliar Pathogens? An Investigation into the Use of Heat Treatments to Reduce Risk of Dothistroma septosporum Transmission via Seed Stock

Tubby,

Forster,

Mullett

et al. 2023

JoF

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The international plant trade results in the accidental movement of invasive pests and pathogens, and has contributed significantly to recent range expansion of pathogens including Dothistroma septosporum. Seeds are usually thought to present a lower biosecurity risk than plants, but the importation of Pinus contorta seeds from North America to Britain in the mid-1900s, and similarities between British and Canadian D. septosporum populations suggests seeds could be a pathway. Dothistroma septosporum has not been isolated from seeds, but inadequately cleaned seed material could contain infected needle fragments. This case study investigated whether cone kilning, and wet and dry heat treatments could reduce D. septosporum transmission without damaging seed viability. Pinus needles infected with D. septosporum were incubated alongside cones undergoing three commercial seed extraction processes. Additional needles were exposed to temperatures ranging from 10 to 67 °C dry heat for up to 48 h, or incubated in water heated to between 20 and 60 °C for up to one hour. Pinus sylvestris seeds were exposed to 60 and 65 dry heat °C for 48 h, and further seed samples incubated in water heated to between 20 and 60 °C for up to one hour. Dothistroma septosporum survived the three kilning processes and while seeds were not damaged by dry heat exceeding 63.5 °C, at this temperature no D. septosporum survived. Wet heat treatments resulted in less than 10% pathogen survival following incubation at 40 °C, while at this temperature the seeds suffered no significant impacts, even when submerged for one hour. Thus, commercial seed kilning could allow D. septosporum transmission, but elevated wet and dry heat treatments could be applied to seed stock to minimise pathogen risk without significantly damaging seed viability.

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“…P. nigra subsp. laricio has been found to be particularly susceptible to DNB both in the Sila National Park [17] and in various other localities outside its native range of distribution, for instance in continental France, in the United Kingdom, and in New Zealand, where the species is grown in artificial plantations [21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular-Based Reappraisal of a Historical Record of Dothistroma Needle Blight in the Centre of the Mediterranean Region

Aglietti

Benigno

Scali

et al. 2021

Forests

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In this work, we rechecked, using species-specific Loop mediated isothermal AMPlification (LAMP) diagnostic assays followed by sequencing of fungal isolates at the beta-2-tubulin (tub2) gene region, a historical and never confirmed report of Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) in the introduced Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) in the mountains in the extreme tip of southern Italy. The report dates back to the mid-1970s, and predates the molecular-based taxonomic revision of the genus Dothistroma that defined the species accepted today. In the fall of 2019, symptomatic needles of Monterey pine and Corsican pine (Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poir.) Palib. ex Maire) were sampled in the area of the first finding. The applied diagnostic methods revealed the presence of Dothistroma septosporum (Dorogin) M. Morelet on both pine species. In this way, we: (i) confirmed the presence of the disease; (ii) clarified the taxonomic identity of the causal agent now occurring at that site; (iii) validated the species-specific LAMP diagnostic protocol we recently developed for Dothistroma for use on a portable field instrument, and (iv) showed that the pathogen now also attacks the native P. nigra subsp. laricio, a species particularly susceptible to the disease, indigenous to the mountains of Calabria, which is one of the very few areas where the species’ genetic resources are conserved. Comparative genetic analysis of the rare populations of D. septosporum found in the central Mediterranean region and in the native range of P. nigra subsp. laricio could help to clarify the history of the spread of the pathogen in southern Europe and better evaluate the risk it poses to the conservation of native pine species.

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Persistence of Dothistroma septosporum on Abscised Pine Needles and its Implications for Disease Management

Cited by 6 publications

References 57 publications

A worldwide perspective on the management and control of Dothistroma needle blight

A worldwide perspective on the management and control of Dothistroma needle blight

Can the Seed Trade Provide a Potential Pathway for the Global Distribution of Foliar Pathogens? An Investigation into the Use of Heat Treatments to Reduce Risk of Dothistroma septosporum Transmission via Seed Stock

Molecular-Based Reappraisal of a Historical Record of Dothistroma Needle Blight in the Centre of the Mediterranean Region

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