Persistent Acacia savannas replace Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests in South America

Wouw, Paul Van de; Echeverría, Cristián; Benayas, José M. Rey; Holmgren, Milena

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.009

Cited by 43 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In the northern part, the landscape is dominated by shrublands, especially the so-called Acacia caven savannahs (Schulz et al 2010). This vegetation is replacing native forests, particularly in more arid areas as the species is highly persistent (Van de Wouw et al 2011). Another important aspect is the possible future evolution of exotic tree plantation in the territory.…”

Section: Patterns Of Native Forest Loss In the Chilean Hotspot Since mentioning

confidence: 99%

Native forest loss in the Chilean biodiversity hotspot: revealing the evidence

et al. 2016

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The understanding of the spatial and temporal patterns in land use and land cover (LULC) change is a key issue for conservation efforts. In the Chilean hotspot, different studies have attempted to understand variations of LULC change. Nevertheless, a broader understanding of common patterns and variability of LULC over the entire range of the hotspot is lacking. We performed a complete review of the different studies reporting LULC changes and performed a joint analysis of their results using an integrated comprehensive approach. We related the variation of LULC change to latitude, time period and vascular plant richness using generalized linear models. Overall, there were nine studies, which covered 36.5 % of the study area, and reported the loss of 19 % of native forest (782,120 ha) between 1973 and 2011. The highest net forest loss was observed in the period. This decreased in the 1990-2000 period and rose again in the 2000-2010 period. This result reveals a continuous forest loss in the last 40 years. Conversion of native forest to shrublands is the most important contributor to net native forest loss, accounting for 45 % of the loss. However, in the area of greatest species richness native forests are mainly converted to exotic tree plantations. Chilean forestry model has proved successful in expanding exotic tree plantation, but so far it has not been compatible with native forest conservation and restoration. It is imperative to design a new forestry policy to assure the conservation of one of the most unique biodiversity hotspots worldwide.Keywords Land use and land cover change Á Remote sensing Á Temperate forest Á Deforestation Á Exotic tree plantation Editor: Wolfgang Cramer.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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Section: Patterns Of Native Forest Loss In the Chilean Hotspot Since mentioning

confidence: 99%

Native forest loss in the Chilean biodiversity hotspot: revealing the evidence

et al. 2016

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“…For example, the espino (Acacia caven) can be viewed as a keystone species in the espinal habitat of central Chile, but its ecological interactions are mainly with introduced livestock, and it is sometimes associated with low biodiversity and exclusion of sclerophyllous forest (Van de Wouw et al 2011). We thought that these factors made it too closely associated with controversial anthropogenic activities to be suitable as the central flagship.…”

Section: Flagship Fleet Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection and Implementation of a Flagship Fleet in a Locally Undervalued Region of High Endemicity

Root‐Bernstein

Armestó

2013

AMBIO

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Flagships are one conservation education tool. We present a proposed flagship species fleet for environmental education in central Chile. Our methods followed recent flagship guidelines. We present our selection process and a detailed justification for the fleet of flagship species that we selected. Our results are a list of eight flagship species forming a flagship fleet, including two small-and medium-sized mammals, the degu (Octodon degus) and the culpeo fox (Lycalopex culpeaus), two birds, the turca (Pteroptochos megapoidius) and the burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia), the Chilean iguana (Calopistes palluma), the tarantula (Grammostola mollicoma), and two trees, the litre (Lithrea caustica) and the espino (Acacia caven). We then describe how these flagships can be deployed most effectively, describing their audience, effective narrative frames, and modes of presentation. We conclude that general selection rules paired with social science background data allow for an efficient selection process.

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“…Succession has traditionally been thought to be a relatively linear process, but growing evidence indicates that persistent alternative vegetation or ecosystem states separated by critical thresholds may occur in many different types of ecosystems , including Mediterranean vegetation types around the world (Arianoutsou-Faraggitaki and Margaris 1982;Holmgren 2002;Kefi et al 2007;Laycock 1991; Van de Wouw et al 2011;Westoby et al 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways for resilience in Mediterranean cork oak land use systems

Acácio¹,

Holmgren²

2012

Annals of Forest Science

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Context Loss of woodlands and degradation of vegetation and soil have been described for all Mediterranean-type ecosystems worldwide. In the Western Iberian Peninsula, overexploitation of evergreen cork oak land use systems has led to soil erosion, failures in oak recruitment, and loss of forests. Degraded and dry sites are quickly colonised by pioneer heathland rockrose (Cistus spp.) shrubs forming highly persistent patches. Aims Although traditionally shrublands have been considered as a transient successional state, we present evidence that they can represent persistent alternative states to former cork oak forests. Review trends and conclusions We first describe how Mediterranean vegetation evolved in the Iberian Peninsula and the role of fire and long-term human management as main disturbances. We then discuss alternative pathways through state-and-transition models indicating the ecological and land use variables that halt cork oak regeneration and recruitment and drive vegetation transitions towards persistent shrublands. Unless concerted management actions and restoration programmes are undertaken, the cork oak land use systems will not be sustainable.

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Persistent Acacia savannas replace Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests in South America

Cited by 43 publications

References 62 publications

Native forest loss in the Chilean biodiversity hotspot: revealing the evidence

Native forest loss in the Chilean biodiversity hotspot: revealing the evidence

Selection and Implementation of a Flagship Fleet in a Locally Undervalued Region of High Endemicity

Pathways for resilience in Mediterranean cork oak land use systems

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