Persistent and Untreated Tropical Infectious Diseases Among Sudanese Refugees in the United States

Franco‐Paredes, Carlos; Dismukes, Roberta; Nicolls, Deborah; Hidrón, Alicia; Workowski, Kimberly A.; Rodríguez‐Morales, Alfonso J.; Wilson, Marianna; Jones, Danielle; Manyang, Peter; Kozarsky, Phyllis E.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2007.77.633

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The practice of travel medicine with the possibility of imported cases from endemic regions is also of growing concern. Often, because of economic globalization and increased travel and migration (even forced, as occurs with refugees), agents are found in countries different from their source [61]. Because this may cause serious diagnostic difficulties, it is important that physicians from both endemic and non-endemic zones increase their awareness of diseases that have been previously considered to be uncommon in their home countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ear, nose and throat (ENT) involvement in zoonotic diseases: a systematic review

Galletti

Mannella

Santoro

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Zoonoses are infections transmitted from animal to man, either directly (through direct contact or contact with animal products) or indirectly (through an intermediate vector, such as an arthropod). The causative agents include bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi. The purpose of this review is to make an accurate examination of all zoonotic diseases that can be responsible of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) involvement. Methodology: A PubMed search was performed combining the terms (otorhinolaryngology OR rhinology OR laryngology OR otology OR mastoiditis OR otitis OR sinusitis OR laryngitis OR rhinitis OR pharyngitis OR epiglottitis OR dysphonia OR ear OR larynx OR nose OR pharynx) with each one of the etiological agents of zoonoses for the period between January 1997 and August 2012 without language restrictions. Results: A total of 164 articles were selected and examined. Larynx was the most commonly involved ENT organ, followed by oral cavity, pharynx, and neck. Bacteria were the most representative microorganisms involved. Nose and major salivary glands were affected most frequently by protozoa; paranasal sinus, oral cavity, ear, neck, nerves and upper airway by bacteria; and larynx by fungi. Conclusions: ENT symptoms and signs may be present in many zoonotic diseases, some of which are also present in industrialized countries. Most zoonotic diseases are not commonly encountered by ENT specialists. Appreciation of the possible occurrence of these diseases is important for a correct microbiological approach, which often requires special culture media and diagnostic techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ear, nose and throat (ENT) involvement in zoonotic diseases: a systematic review

Galletti

Mannella

Santoro

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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show abstract

“…In a recent study from Boston, Massachusetts, asymptomatic refugees with eosinophilia from diverse regions who were evaluated serologically had infection rates of 22% for Schistosoma infection and 39% for Strongyloides infection [17]. A small series suggested that rates of schistosomiasis and strongyloidiasis of 52% and 12%, respectively, among resettled Lost Boys and Girls of Sudan whose specimens were also tested by CDC serological assays [18]. Other studies have also demonstrated high infection rates among nonrefugee immigrant populations, underscoring the global importance of these infections [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence and Presumptive Treatment of Schistosomiasis and Strongyloidiasis among African Refugees

Posey

Blackburn

Weinberg³

et al. 2007

Clinical Infectious Diseases

112

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“…Beginning in 2000, the immigration of refugees from sub-Saharan Africa markedly increased [89], and today the US settles an estimated 70,000 refugees annually, including 25,000 refugees from Africa [90]. Notable among the refugees are the “Lost Boys and Girls of Sudan,” raised initially in poor Ethiopian refugee camps before relocating to Kenya [89]. Since 2000, almost 4,000 Lost Boys and Girls have been settled in the US.…”

Section: The Distressed Regions Of Poverty In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neglected Infections of Poverty in the United States of America

2008

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In the United States, there is a largely hidden burden of diseases caused by a group of chronic and debilitating parasitic, bacterial, and congenital infections known as the neglected infections of poverty. Like their neglected tropical disease counterparts in developing countries, the neglected infections of poverty in the US disproportionately affect impoverished and under-represented minority populations. The major neglected infections include the helminth infections, toxocariasis, strongyloidiasis, ascariasis, and cysticercosis; the intestinal protozoan infection trichomoniasis; some zoonotic bacterial infections, including leptospirosis; the vector-borne infections Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, trench fever, and dengue fever; and the congenital infections cytomegalovirus (CMV), toxoplasmosis, and syphilis. These diseases occur predominantly in people of color living in the Mississippi Delta and elsewhere in the American South, in disadvantaged urban areas, and in the US–Mexico borderlands, as well as in certain immigrant populations and disadvantaged white populations living in Appalachia. Preliminary disease burden estimates of the neglected infections of poverty indicate that tens of thousands, or in some cases, hundreds of thousands of poor Americans harbor these chronic infections, which represent some of the greatest health disparities in the United States. Specific policy recommendations include active surveillance (including newborn screening) to ascertain accurate population-based estimates of disease burden; epidemiological studies to determine the extent of autochthonous transmission of Chagas disease and other infections; mass or targeted treatments; vector control; and research and development for new control tools including improved diagnostics and accelerated development of a vaccine to prevent congenital CMV infection and congenital toxoplasmosis.

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Persistent and Untreated Tropical Infectious Diseases Among Sudanese Refugees in the United States

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Ear, nose and throat (ENT) involvement in zoonotic diseases: a systematic review

Ear, nose and throat (ENT) involvement in zoonotic diseases: a systematic review

High Prevalence and Presumptive Treatment of Schistosomiasis and Strongyloidiasis among African Refugees

Neglected Infections of Poverty in the United States of America

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