Persistent COVID-19 Infection in Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Cleared Following Therapeutic Vaccination: a Case Report

Bradley, Rachel E.; Ponsford, Mark; Scurr, Martin; Godkin, Andrew; Jolles, Stephen; Bramhall, Kathryn; Price, Colin R.; Evans, K. T.; Carne, Emily; El‐Shanawany, Tariq; Cousins, Richard

doi:10.1007/s10875-021-01158-5

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A single case report exists of therapeutic vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in a patient with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. The authors demonstrated enhanced cellular responses and seroconversion after vaccination, with viral clearance 72 days after the first vaccine dose [71]. A new COVID-19 peptide vaccine that induces T-cell immunity is being evaluated in patients with B cell or antibody deficiency; an open-label phase I trial showed potent T-cell responses and a favorable safety profile in healthy adults [72].…”

Section: Othermentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocompromised Patients with Protracted COVID-19: a Review of “Long Persisters”

2022

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Purpose of Review Certain immunocompromised individuals are at risk for protracted COVID-19, in which SARS-CoV-2 leads to a chronic viral infection. However, the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of this phenomenon remain ill-defined. Recent Findings Herein, we review key aspects of protracted SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised individuals, or the so-called long persisters, and describe the clinical presentation, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment modalities of this condition, as well as intra-host viral evolution. Based on the available data, we also propose a framework of criteria with which to approach this syndrome. Summary Protracted COVID-19 is an uncharacterized syndrome affecting patients with B-cell depletion; our proposed diagnostic approach and definitions will inform much needed future research.

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Section: Othermentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocompromised Patients with Protracted COVID-19: a Review of “Long Persisters”

2022

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“…Bradley et al evaluated the efficacy of therapeutic mRNA vaccination in the context of persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 147 ]. In this study, humoral and cellular responses were not detected in a 37-year-old Caucasian male with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome after 120 days of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Therapeutic Vaccines Against Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 clearance was detected at 72 days following the first therapeutic vaccination. The researchers did not exclude viral clearance in an independent manner [ 147 ].…”

Section: Therapeutic Vaccines Against Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of diseases

Tian

et al. 2022

Mol Biomed

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Vaccines are one of the most effective medical interventions to combat newly emerging and re-emerging diseases. Prophylactic vaccines against rabies, measles, etc., have excellent effectiveness in preventing viral infection and associated diseases. However, the host immune response is unable to inhibit virus replication or eradicate established diseases in most infected people. Therapeutic vaccines, expressing specific endogenous or exogenous antigens, mainly induce or boost cell-mediated immunity via provoking cytotoxic T cells or elicit humoral immunity via activating B cells to produce specific antibodies. The ultimate aim of a therapeutic vaccine is to reshape the host immunity for eradicating a disease and establishing lasting memory. Therefore, therapeutic vaccines have been developed for the treatment of some infectious diseases and chronic noncommunicable diseases. Various technological strategies have been implemented for the development of therapeutic vaccines, including molecular-based vaccines (peptide/protein, DNA and mRNA vaccines), vector-based vaccines (bacterial vector vaccines, viral vector vaccines and yeast-based vaccines) and cell-based vaccines (dendritic cell vaccines and genetically modified cell vaccines) as well as combinatorial approaches. This review mainly summarizes therapeutic vaccine-induced immunity and describes the development and status of multiple types of therapeutic vaccines against infectious diseases, such as those caused by HPV, HBV, HIV, HCV, and SARS-CoV-2, and chronic noncommunicable diseases, including cancer, hypertension, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, that have been evaluated in recent preclinical and clinical studies.

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“…In addition, novel techniques to measure cellular immunity from large groups of participants in non-clinical settings have been implemented ( 109 , 110 ). These methods can be readily adapted to COVID-19.…”

Section: Measurements Of Cellular Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Immunity Is Critical for Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in Immunocompromised Individuals

Paramithiotis¹,

Sugden²,

Papp³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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COVID-19 vaccine clinical development was conducted with unprecedented speed. Immunity measurements were concentrated on the antibody response which left significant gaps in our understanding how robust and long-lasting immune protection develops. Better understanding the cellular immune response will fill those gaps, especially in the elderly and immunocompromised populations which not only have the highest risk for severe infection, but also frequently have inadequate antibody responses. Although cellular immunity measurements are more logistically complex to conduct for clinical trials compared to antibody measurements, the feasibility and benefit of doing them in clinical trials has been demonstrated and so should be more widely adopted. Adding significant cellular response metrics will provide a deeper understanding of the overall immune response to COVID-19 vaccination, which will significantly inform vaccination strategies for the most vulnerable populations. Better monitoring of overall immunity will also substantially benefit other vaccine development efforts, and indeed any therapies that involve the immune system as part of the therapeutic strategy.

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Persistent COVID-19 Infection in Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Cleared Following Therapeutic Vaccination: a Case Report

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Immunocompromised Patients with Protracted COVID-19: a Review of “Long Persisters”

Immunocompromised Patients with Protracted COVID-19: a Review of “Long Persisters”

Development of therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of diseases

Cellular Immunity Is Critical for Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in Immunocompromised Individuals

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