2003
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.5715
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Persistent hematologic and immunologic disturbances in 8-year-old Dutch children associated with perinatal dioxin exposure.

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Cited by 65 publications
(52 citation statements)
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“…Childhood exposure to chemicals may result in chemically-induced carcinogenesis as well as in virus-induced carcinogenesis, through chemicallyinduced immunosuppression. This could be particularly the case in infants, in whom contamination by immunosuppressive chemicals can enhance their physiological postnatal immunologic immaturity (131,132). Infants and children differ also from adults in their direct exposure to environmental toxicants both qualitatively and quantitatively, because proportionally to body weight, they ingest relatively more water and food, and breathe more air than adults (133) and by specific physical activity close to the ground (134).…”
Section: Genetic Versus Environmental Influencesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Childhood exposure to chemicals may result in chemically-induced carcinogenesis as well as in virus-induced carcinogenesis, through chemicallyinduced immunosuppression. This could be particularly the case in infants, in whom contamination by immunosuppressive chemicals can enhance their physiological postnatal immunologic immaturity (131,132). Infants and children differ also from adults in their direct exposure to environmental toxicants both qualitatively and quantitatively, because proportionally to body weight, they ingest relatively more water and food, and breathe more air than adults (133) and by specific physical activity close to the ground (134).…”
Section: Genetic Versus Environmental Influencesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This has led to recognition of cytokine expression and secretion as a useful biomarker to assess the status and progression of a host immune response. Since then, numerous studies have used immune markers that include cytokine profiles to evaluate the effect of environmental toxicants such as volatile organic compounds, PCBs, and organochlorines on the immunity of children (Lehmann et al, 2002;Bilrha et al, 2003;ten Tusscher et al, 2003).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…90,91 Increased dioxin levels in breast milk and cord blood correlate with increased incidence of otitis media, respiratory tract infections in infants, and reduced antibody responses to childhood vaccinations. [92][93][94][95] The consequences of developmental exposure to dioxin may persist into adulthood, with alterations in leukocyte function, as seen in mice models. 96,97 Finally, in addition to its powerful immunosuppression, the ligand status of AhR is capable of modulating activation of the BRCA-1 promoter by estrogen.…”
Section: Mechanisms Of Tumor Immune Escapementioning
confidence: 99%