Persistent Hot Spot Detection and Characterisation Using SLSTR

Caseiro, Alexandre; Ruecker, G; Tiemann, Joachim; Leimbach, David; Lorenz, Eckehard; Frauenberger, Olaf; Kaiser, J. W.

doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0020.v2

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…1. We base our work on the persistent hot spot detection and characterisation algorithm described in Caseiro et al (2018) to process a full year (2017) of Sentinel-3A's Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) data. A hot event at temperatures typical of a gas flare (1200-2500 K) will produce a local maximum in the night-time readings of the shortwave and possibly of the mid-infrared (SWIR and MIR) channels of SLSTR.…”

Section: Hot Spot Detection and Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of the TIR channels implies a more stringent constraining of the background temperature. These options may lead to the retrieval of a lower flaring temperatures than those retrieved using the VNF approach (Caseiro et al, 2018). The lack of ground truth hinders the evaluation of the accuracy of the different options.…”

Section: Hot Spot Detection and Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VNF, which succeeded a system based on the OLS (Operational Linescan System) instrument, which has been flying on board the DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) satellites since the 1970s (Elvidge et al, 1997(Elvidge et al, , 2001, provides a consistent global survey of flaring sites and GF volumes from 2012 onwards (https://ngdc.noaa.gov/eog/viirs/download_global_ flare.html, last access: 2 February 2020). Caseiro et al (2018) describe an adaptation and extension of the VNF algorithm, with which observations of the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer instrument (SLSTR) on board the Copernicus Sentinel-3 satellites can be analysed as well. The algorithm detects and quantifies hot sources, including gas flares, using the night-time readings of the shortwave infrared (SWIR), mid-infrared (MIR), and thermal infrared (TIR) channels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gas flaring activity and black carbon emissions in 2017 derived from the Sentinel-3A Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer

Caseiro

Gehrke

Rücker³

et al. 2020

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. Gas flares are a regionally and globally significant source of atmospheric pollutants. They can be detected by satellite remote sensing. We calculate the global flared gas volume and black carbon emissions in 2017 by applying (1) a previously developed hot spot detection and characterisation algorithm to all observations of the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) instrument on board the Copernicus satellite Sentinel-3A and (2) newly developed filters for identifying gas flares and corrections for calculating both flared gas volumes (billion cubic metres, BCM) and black carbon (BC) emissions (g). The filter to discriminate gas flares from other hot spots uses the observed hot spot characteristics in terms of temperature and persistence. A regression function is used to correct for the variability of detection opportunities. A total of 6232 flaring sites are identified worldwide. The best estimates of the annual flared gas volume and the BC emissions are 129 BCM with a confidence interval of [35, 419 BCM] and 73 Gg with a confidence interval of [20, 239 Gg], respectively. Comparison of our activity (i.e. BCM) results with those of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Nightfire data set and SWIR-based calculations show general agreement but distinct differences in several details. The calculation of black carbon emissions using our gas flaring data set with a newly developed dynamic assignment of emission factors lie in the range of recently published black carbon inventories, albeit towards the lower end. The data presented here can therefore be used e.g. in atmospheric dispersion simulations. The advantage of using our algorithm with Sentinel-3 data lies in the previously demonstrated ability to detect and quantify small flares, the long-term data availability from the Copernicus programme, and the increased detection opportunity of global gas flare monitoring when used in conjunction with the VIIRS instruments. The flaring activity and related black carbon emissions are available as “GFlaringS3” on the Emissions of atmospheric Compounds and Compilation of Ancillary Data (ECCAD) website (https://doi.org/10.25326/19, Caseiro and Kaiser, 2019).

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Section: Hot Spot Detection and Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hot Spot Detection and Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gas flaring activity and black carbon emissions in 2017 derived from the Sentinel-3A Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer

Caseiro

Gehrke

Rücker³

et al. 2020

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, operational IR sensors, due to their low spatial resolution, allow the retrieval of fire area and fire temperature of smaller fires only with large uncertainties (Giglio & Kendall, 2001;Zhukov et al, 2006). Multiband nighttime methods developed by Elvidge et al (2013) for the VIIRS sensor and adopted by Caseiro et al (2018) for the SLSTR sensor have the potential to reliably estimate fire temperature and area and their uncertainties for hot sources. However, they work only at nighttime when fire activity is low.…”

Section: The Diego Sensor Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

DIEGO: A Multispectral Thermal Mission for Earth Observation on the International Space Station

Schultz

Hartmann

Heinemann

et al. 2019

European Journal of Remote Sensing

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Observations in thermal infrared (IR) contribute substantially to the understanding of the global fluxes of energy and matter between Earth's surface, ocean and atmosphere. Key parameters derived from such observations are Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Land Surface Emissivity (LSE). These variables are important for weather forecasting and climate modelling. However, satellite systems currently in orbit provide only a small number of spectral bands in the thermal region, and consequently cannot be used for temperature emissivity separation (TES) to accurately derive LST and LSE. Hence, capacities to investigate processes or phenomena where LST in high temporal and high spatial resolution (<100 m) is required, such as agricultural applications or urban heat island monitoring, are limited. Additionally, the measurement of radiative energy released from active large and small fires, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, is still challenging with current IR systems. Here, we introduce the proposed multispectral sensor system DIEGO (Dynamic Infrared Earth Observation on the ISS Orbit) with 11 spectral bands and a ground sampling distance of less than 60 m, which aims to reduce the observation gap in the thermal infrared significantly.

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“…Remote sensing has been used to find flares since at least 1978 (Croft 1978). A variety of approaches have been published over the past decade using different raw satellite measurements and different processing methods (Elvidge et al 2009, Casadio et al 2012a, Anejionu et al 2014, Anejionu et al 2015, Zhang et al 2015, Caseiro et al 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of satellite-derived estimates of flaring volume for offshore oil and gas operations in nine countries

Brandt

2020

Environ. Res. Commun.

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Flaring of natural gas contributes to climate change and wastes a potentially valuable energy resource. Various groups have estimated flaring volumes via remote sensing by nighttime detection of flares using multi-spectral imaging. However, only limited efforts have been made to independently assess the accuracy of these estimation methods. I analyze the accuracy of the VIIRS Nightfire published flare detection results, comparing yearly estimated flaring rates to reported flaring data from governments in 9 countries (Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, USA, UK) and 7 years (2012-2018 inclusive). We analyze only flares occurring at offshore oil and gas production platforms and floating production units. A total of 1054 flare volume estimates were compared to volumes reported to government agencies. 80.8% of flare estimates lie within 0.5 orders of magnitude (OM) of reported volumes, which 93.7% fall within 1 OM of the reported volume. Little systematic bias is found except in the smallest size classes (<10 6 m 3 y −1 ). Relative error ratios are larger for smaller flares. No significant trend was observed across years, and variation by country is in line with that expected by size distribution of flares by country. Wide aggregate estimates for groups of flares will exhibit little bias and dispersion, with the sum of 1000 flares having an expected interquartile range of −6% to +3% of actual reported volumes. Social media blurb: Test of remote sensing for flare detection shows accuracy across 9 countries and 8 years.

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Persistent Hot Spot Detection and Characterisation Using SLSTR

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Gas flaring activity and black carbon emissions in 2017 derived from the Sentinel-3A Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer

Gas flaring activity and black carbon emissions in 2017 derived from the Sentinel-3A Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer

DIEGO: A Multispectral Thermal Mission for Earth Observation on the International Space Station

Accuracy of satellite-derived estimates of flaring volume for offshore oil and gas operations in nine countries

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